Content

Abstracts

Filatova J.V.

The Cossacks and the highlanders: the political confrontation in the Terek Region in early 1917

The article analyzes the processes of power transformation in the Terek region after the February bourgeois revolution 1917. In the conditions of change of the state system, breaking of the old administrative apparatus the beginning of 1917 became time of search of new ways of development of the Cossack and mountain self-government. After analyzing the socio-political processes, we came to the conclusion of the emergence in the Tver region of multi-power in the face of the Union of the United highlanders of the North Caucasus and Dagestan, the Military government of the Terek Cossack circle, the Institute of government commissioners. The main conclusion is that the process of creating new authorities in early 1917 in the Terek region was characterized by growing political confrontation, increasing polarization of relations between the Cossacks and the highlanders, the further development of the ideas of mountain separatism.
Keywords: transformation, reformation, search for new ways of development of state power, multiple power, separatism.

Ahmad Hassan Taha Yagoub

The main factors determining the policy of Russia in the region of the "Arab East"

The article is devoted to identification of key factors that shape and determine Russia's policy in the region of the Arab East. Features and prospects of cooperation in the military sphere, points of contact in trade and economic relations, and the financial sector are examined. Special attention is paid to particularly significant concepts of the energy policy of the Russian Federation, its strategic partners and counteraction forces. Also covered are issues of preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and terrorist threats.
Keywords: Russia, Arab countries, East, cooperation, energy, investments, weapons, war, pipeline.

Ryabova E.L.
Ternovaya L.O.

Orthodox foundations of self-identification of the Russian Cossacks: history and modernity

The article reveals how the Orthodox faith, the Cossack freemen and the sovereign's ministry acted throughout the history of the Cossacks as the main markers of Cossack identity, not contradicting each other, but in close unity. This unity corresponded to the Cossack way of life and the spiritual and moral values of the Cossacks. Such unity is maintained in our day.
Keywords: Orthodoxy, Cossacks, Old Believers, Syria, autocephaly.

Hossein Mohannad

Historical experience of cooperation of the Russian Federation with the countries of the Middle East in the field of higher education in the 1990s–2000s

The subject of the research is the evolution of cooperation of the Russian Federation with the countries of the Middle East in the field of higher education. The object of the research is the historical experience of the development of interstate cooperation on the development of higher education. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as features of the development of areas and forms of cooperation in the field of higher education in the 1990s and 2000s. Particular attention is paid to the study of the dynamics of cooperation formats.
It is emphasized that higher education is also a significant factor in the formation of the socio-cultural environment as a whole.
The methodological basis of the study consists of the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, consistency and comprehensiveness, which make it possible to investigate the evolution of interstate cooperation in the educational sphere.
The novelty of the study lies in rethinking the conceptual framework, objectives and key areas, as well as the results of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Middle East in the field of higher education in the study period.
Keywords: interstate cooperation, higher education, educational policy.

Arbekov A.B.

Military reforms of the control system of the English army by Edward Cardwell in the late 60's and early 70's XIX century

This article discusses the issue of large-scale reformation of the control system of the British army by Edward T. Cardwell as War minister. The analysis of the main causes and prerequisites, the subsequent legislation, the form of their implementation and the problems with which reformers had to face in the course of their activities.
Keywords: Victorian England, British Army, W. Gladstone, E. Cardwell, Crimean War, military conflicts, army reform, F. Northbrook.

Khasanshin G.R.

Regulatory Issues of the Institute of the Waqf in the Volga-Ural based on materials of the Special Meeting on Muslim Affairs in 1914

At the beginning of the 20th century, the question of the functioning of Islamic institutions on the territory of the Volga-Ural region attracted serious attention from central institutions. Despite the fact that the institute of waqf was actively used by the Tatar-Muslim population, there was no legislative consolidation of these legal relations. The article discusses the proposals of the Special Meeting on Muslim Affairs in 1914, whose participants developed some measures to settle the waqf case in the Volga-Ural.
Keywords: waqf, special meetings, Muslim question.

Zamanapulov D.M.

"Iranian Initiative": on the issue of the beginning of the secret supply of American weapons to Iran in 1985

The article analyzes the initial stage of contacts between the United States and the republican (Islamic) Iran. In particular, the author considers the causes and mechanisms for implementing a secret project for the supply of American weapons to Iran with the mediation of Israel. The author comes to the conclusion that the United States hoped to restore relations with Iran, through the factor of the Iran-Iraq war. The supply of American weapons to the Iranian army, in Washington’s opinion, would have allowed the release of American hostages held in Lebanon and a strategic breakthrough in relations with Tehran.
Keywords: CIA, Iran, National Security Service, special operations, arms supplies, Israel, secret diplomacy.

Authors

Arbekov A.B., Graduate student, Turgenev Orel State University.Ahmad Hassan Taha Yagoub, Graduate Student of the faculty theories and history of international Relations.
Arbekov A.B., Graduate student, Turgenev Orel State University.
Bulatova V.I., Cossack poet. Samara region, Bogatovsky district, Bogatoe village.
Filatova J.V., Candidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department of history, law and social Sciences Of the branch of "Stavropol state pedagogical Institute" in Essentuki.
Hossein Mohannad, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Khasanshin G.R., Sh. Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences.
Nuri Asadulla, Master student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Ryabova E.L., Doctor of political sciences, Professor, Chief Editor of “Almanac Cossacks” journal.
Shpakovskaya M.A., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Ternovaya L.O., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor MADI (The Moscow Automobile and Road Construction University).
Zamanapulov D.M., Kuban State University.