Content

Abstracts

Ponomarenko A.P.

Sustainable development as a hallmark of Austrian foreign policy at the present stage

The key problems of our time are a set of social and natural problems, on the solution of which the social progress of mankind and the preservation of civilization depend. One of these problems is the sustainable development of mankind. It is characterized by dynamism, arises as an objective factor in the development of society and for its solution requires the combined efforts of the entire society. Austria, being an advanced European state (especially in the development of civil society), strives for sustainable development both within the country and abroad. This article is devoted to the analysis of Austria's domestic and foreign policy actions aimed at pursuing the goals of sustainable development.
Keywords: Austria, EU, UN, SDGs, MDGs, sustainable development, ecology.

Buchko N.P.

The political position of the Cossack troops and military Cossack formations of the Urals and Siberia during the formation of anti-Bolshevik regimes

Given the turbulence of political processes taking place both in our country and in the world, the issue of political positioning of social groups in modern conditions is of particular importance. In this regard, it seems quite important to address the history of the question of the political position of the Cossacks of Russia in the circumstances of the military-political confrontation in the country, which was a civil war. An analysis of the political situation developing at that time in the Urals and Siberia, a comparison of political programs, a consideration of the memoirs of the participants in those events made it possible to assess the political position of the Cossack troops and military Cossack formations of the regions during the formation of anti-Bolshevik regimes. Since the emergence of a new political force, which the Soviet government became in Russia, the Cossacks have faced a certain hostility on its part towards the Cossacks, as evidenced by the decisions made by the Bolshevik party. At the same time, their comrades-in-arms, who arrived from the fronts of the World War, which were largely influenced by Bolshevik propaganda, also had a certain influence on the political position of the Cossacks of the region. Under these conditions, the Cossack elite aimed in every way to unite the Cossack ranks close to themselves to counter the Bolsheviks. Using the support of counter-revolutionary forces in the regions, the Cossack military leadership was able to consolidate the Cossacks under its slogans and become an integral part of the anti-Bolshevik camp. The political position of the Cossacks of the Urals and Siberia, formed at the beginning of the civil war, received a orientation that testified that in the current conditions the Cossacks of the region became supporters of the government that did not encroach on their social status, made it possible to maintain the privileged position that the Cossacks possessed under the old political regime. In this regard, it seems important enough that the state's power structures cannot be removed from the political sentiments of social groups, they must take into account their interests in solving issues of state-building.
Keywords: political position, civil war, Cossacks, political struggle, military Cossack formations, power.

Kurkov V.V.

The Cossacks and Prince Pozharsky in the struggle against Polish invaders on Kaluga land at the final stage of the Vague Time

This article focuses on the role of the Cossacks in fighting Polish invaders (the Lisowczycy) on Kaluga land in the last years of the Vague Time, which fighting was lad by Prince D. M. Pozharsky. The author’s attention is mainly drawn to specifics of the warlord’s military activity, which allowed him to mobilize significant forces of Cossacks, who were deemed by the government as "thieves" and who did not obey other voivodes, to a successful fight against the enemy. The author highlights distinctive features of Prince Pozharsky’s military tactics, which implied a combination of partisan actions of Cossack detachments with the use of field fortifications.
Keywords: Vague Time, Polish intervention, the Cossacks, Prince Pozharsky, The Lisowczycy, Kaluga.

Shpakovskaya M.A.
Hamidullah Zabihullah

Some aspects of Afghan-Russian relations in the economic and humanitarian fields (2014-2017)

Development of relations in the economy and in other sectors. Cooperation between countries and the development of relations. Commencement of trade cooperation and setting development goals. An article with an overview and analytical look at the development of relations between the two countries.
Keywords: cooperation, industries, humanitarian aid, development, development, goal.

Sapai Mohammad Faisal
Mardan Maryam
Mohammad Alem Mohammad Tamim

China's strategic interests in Afghanistan in the field of political and economic relations (2014-2020)

The two countries are neighbors, they maintain friendly relations, and there have been no historical conflicts and no contradictions between them. China, as Afghanistan's closest neighbor, is interested in stabilizing the political, economic and social situation in Afghanistan and has historically maintained friendly relations.
Keywords: China, Afghanistan, political relations, economic relations, politics, geopolitics.

Rakhimov K.Kh.

The history of the creation of the main stages of the formation and development of the SCO

The article traces the history of the formation and development of the SCO, as well as the peculiarities of education and directions of cooperation between countries in this organization.
Purpose of the study: the history of the creation of the SCO and its main stages.
Based on these goals, the research tasks can be distinguished:
1) Describe the SCO; 2) Consider the history of creation; 3) Consider the stages of formation and development of the SCO, as well as consider its interaction with international and regional organizations and with the countries of the European Union and the United States.
Keywords: SCO, history of development, illegal migration, the Far East.

Talova M.I.
Espinosa E.J.

Christina Fernandez as a political leader in Argentina

This work is dedicated to an Argentine politician, former President, and current Vice-President, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the 2007 and 2011 elections in Argentina, to consider the main areas of Christina Kirchner's foreign and domestic policy, as well as to analyze the main prosecutions of Christina.
The authors conclude that, despite the miscalculations in the internal politics of Cristina Fernandez and her numerous court cases, the former Argentine leader managed to maintain her authority among the population and return to the political arena of Argentina as vice president.
Keywords: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, Argentina, elections, president, political party, justcialism, corruption, vice president, Nestor Kirchner.

Amin Hafizullah
Nabizada Murtaza
Qayum Masud

Factors of Political Corruption in modern Afghanistan and ways to address them

Political corruption as a major factor in government failure in various economic, social and cultural areas ... In the current situation, although it is not a new phenomenon in Afghanistan, it has never existed in the history of this country with such a size and volume.
This study is in response to the question "What factor or factors are the causes of political corruption in modern Afghanistan?" Rationally discussed. Political corruption has been used by politicians in the broadest sense to abuse their position, undermine public interests and violate the law. The findings of these studies are based on the fact that ethnic and tribal divisions, despite political instability and political instability, have exacerbated structural gaps; At the same time, he created and intensified political corruption.
In addition to structural gaps and political instability, the two agents of value and settlement change in modern Afghanistan (post-Taliban era) are increasingly complicating the problem of political corruption, exacerbating its occurrence and diversifying its dimensions.
Ethnic division called into question the principle of the formation of national interests and social status, and political instability, exacerbating differences, led to the lack of formation and stability of legal institutions. In the absence of macronational beliefs and a habit of political disorder, today the factor of value changes in life towards materialization and a computational approach has forced political leaders to squander public property.
Keywords: political corruption, ethnic division, political instability, poverty, illiteracy.

Belaya E.G.

Formation of the foundations of the Nanai culture of children in a kindergarten

In 2019, field expedition work took place with the fixation of the results in the form of photographs, videos, individual observation diaries. The purpose of the expedition is to reveal the specifics of national identity, ethnic features in the upbringing of Nanai children in a preschool educational institution.
Keywords: national education, Nanais, preschool educational organization, folk holidays, national game.

Authors

Amin Hafizullah, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Belaya E.G., Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor. School of Arts and Humanities, Far East federal university. Senior Researcher, Institute of History, archeology and ethnography of peoples. Far East FEB RAS.
Buchko N.P., Student of the Far Eastern Federal University.
Espinosa E.J., Master's student at the Faculty of Communications and Media of the Higher School of Economics, journalist and SMM Sputnik Mundo.
Hamidullah Zabihullah, Assistant at the Department of Criminal Law, Tabesh University.
Kurkov V.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Tsiolkovsky Kaluga State University.
Mardan Maryam, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Mohammad Alem Mohammad Tamim, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Nabizada Murtaza, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Ponomarenko A.P., Graduate student of the faculty of International relations, senior lecturer of Department of foreign languages. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Rakhimov K.Kh., Postgraduate Student, Assistant of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Postgraduate student of the Department of International Law of the Law Institute. Expert at the Center for Research on Post-Soviet Countries.
Sapai Mohammad Faisal, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Shpakovskaya M.A., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of "TIMO", Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Talova M.I., Post-graduate student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Qayum Masud, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.