Content
| Pedagogy | |
| Sadovnikov E.S., Zhegalova M.N., Davydov D.V. Mechanisms of formation of patriotic consciousness in the three-belt structure of thinking activity | 14 |
| Lukashenko D.V. Integration of artificial intelligence into higher education: analysis of effectiveness and ethical aspects | 23 |
| Pankin A.B., Han Junyi Evolutionary mechanism of individual musicality and strategies for utilizing musical talents and literacy development in colleges and universities in the People’s Republic of China | 27 |
| Maslennikov A.V., Vakalova L.G. Testing the physical and technical fitness of young hurdlers in the competitive period | 32 |
| Ishmatova Sh.A. Effective use of language tools, taking into account literary norms in a professional environment | 37 |
| Bezdenezhnykh N.N., Boytsova I.V., Vinnik V.K. Forming psychological and pedagogical readiness of children for high school education | 45 |
| Vasilyev V.V., Kulinkovich A.V., Panikhidnikov S.A. Current issues in implementing the fundamentals of military training course in the civil higher education system | 49 |
| Zhivoderov A.V., Gavrilova E.A. Application of TRX loopes in a training course for general physical training of hockey sledge players | 60 |
| Mamadjonov S.K. Pedagogical practice as a factor in the formation of organizational abilities of future primary school teachers | 68 |
| Starostenkov N.V. About some of the activities of the scientific and pedagogical community to ensure the information security of youth and students in the era of hybrid wars | 75 |
| Khomyakova Y.Y., Nosova E.A., Shildyaeva T.V., Mayorova L.S. Socio-psychological factors in improving the effectiveness of early sports selection in children | 86 |
| Khoreshman V.S., Zablotskaya O.A. The notion of “common good” as seen by first year students | 90 |
| Zhang Xuefeng, Li Hongjuan, Li Linlin Ways and challenges of introducing artificial intelligence into the course “Russian Country Studies” | 103 |
| Yusupov S.-A.M. Educational process: development of students’ creative and innovative thinking | 112 |
| Yusupova M.I. Peculiarities of applying the comparative method in teaching English to future foreign language teachers | 121 |
| Ishmatova Sh.A. Principles of competency-based education | 129 |
| History of geopolitics, international relations and general history |
|
| Melik-Bagdasarov A.S. The role of the organization of United Nations in the settlement of the territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana over Essequibo | 137 |
| Kurovsky S.V., Mishin D.A., Morozov M.A. Evolution of foreign policy of Germany in the context of increasing military expenditure: a historical analysis in the context of international relations | 144 |
| Khachatrian S.N., Kriazheva-Kartseva E.V. German entrepreneurs of the “middle class” of Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century: “Vvedensk dyeing and dressing factory of the trading house “Daber, Neubauer, Goldberg and co” | 161 |
| Nabizoda M.S. Sources on political life and mountain Tajiks in the first years of Alim Khan’s reign in Kokand (1800-1805) | 171 |
| Orekhova O.E. Social reform policy in the German empire: origins, essence, and the significance of historical experience | 181 |
| Danilov V.A., Panova A.A. The theoretical analysis of the confrontation between Russia and the Collective West in the context of building a new World order | 189 |
| Faizullozoda Sh.F. The cultural heritage of the tajiks in the products of modern artisans | 205 |
| Chagatai Vural Evolution of methodological approaches in the study of Scythian period costume: from collecting to network analysis | 217 |
| Salman Ali, Shogenova E.Sh., Mirzoeva A.R. Interaction between the Russian Federation and the United Arab Emirates in the political sphere (2000–2023) | 227 |
| Mohammad H.Y., Shpakovskaya M.A. Afghanistan’s water policy as a factor of environmental change in Central Asian countries | 235 |
| Al Zeedyein Areen Ahmad Odeh Evolution of Jordanian–Russian relations in the context of contemporary middle eastern politics | 251 |
| Gareeva A.I. The Rhine as a vital artery of the cities of Roman Germany | 262 |
| Zolotukhin S.V. Key objectives and activities of VOKS in the socialist camp countries (1945–1958) | 270 |
| Zolkhoev B.V. On the history of the Kushan (Quxian) region in the middle Tang and early Yuan periods (mid-8th – second half of the 13th centuries) | 286 |
| Topical issues of historical sciences | |
| Bredikhin A.V., Yerasova E.A., Leonova Yu.Yu. The river as a geographical and economic landscape: water resources and the organization of the life of the don army (XVI–XVIII centuries) | 295 |
| Uporov I.V., Syusyura V.L. Condemnation of philosopher V.N. Muravyov for anti-soviet propaganda in the context of his theory of “solar history” (1920-1929) | 303 |
| Atrisangari F., Kornoukhova G.G. B.N. Yeltsin’s Position on Iranian-Russian Military Cooperation in the 1990s | 312 |
| Khalitov A.A. Government oversight of independent pharmacies and privately practicing medical practitioners in the Ufa province | 322 |
| Gusarova M.E. Evolution of the main directions of the Russian state’s social and medical policy and its legal regulation in the first half of the 18th century | 332 |
| Ionova Y.V. Main reasons for the adoption of the 1864 judicial reform | 341 |
| Kulepova P.V., Moseykina M.N. Siberian military – hospital train No. 14, named in honor of Princess Z.N. Yusupova during the Russo-Japanese War | 345 |
| Lelikov V.V. Peculiarities of marriage of priests and their family members of some hereditary dynasties of the Ural region in the second half of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th centuries | 352 |
| Abstracts | 383 |
| Authors | 406 |
Abstracts
Sadovnikov E.S.
Zhegalova M.N.
Davydov D.V.
Mechanisms of formation of patriotic consciousness in the three-belt structure of thinking activity
This article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the formation of patriotic consciousness through the prism of the concept of thinking activity by G.P. Shchedrovitsky. The relevance of the research lies in the application of a three-pronged MD scheme (thought-action, thought-communication, pure thinking) for innovative modeling of the dynamic transition of patriotic values from collective norms through personal appropriation to social practice. The authors substantiate that the traditional mechanisms of patriotism formation (cognitive, emotional, activity-based) acquire a special systemic integrity when they are projected onto the structure of thinking activity. An integrative model has been developed in which patriotic consciousness appears as a process implemented in a single circuit of thinking, communication and action. The practical significance of the work lies in the proposal of specific tools for the design of educational and educational systems aimed at the formation of a "subject of concern for his state" — a citizen capable of conscious reproduction of patriotic values at the personal, social and state levels.
Key words: patriotic consciousness, thinking activity, pure thinking, thought-communication, thought-action, the subject of caring for his state.
Lukashenko D.V.
Integration of artificial intelligence into higher education: analysis of effectiveness and ethical aspects
The article is devoted to the analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in higher education, based on a review of current research after 2020. It reveals the perceptions of faculty and students, challenges related to ethics and efficiency, as well as the advantages of personalized learning and administrative optimization. Based on the methods of systematic literature review, integration strategies are explored, supported by specific data from international studies. The need for developing AI literacy and ethical standards is identified to minimize risks.
Key words: artificial intelligence, higher education, integration, efficiency, ethical aspects, pedagogical innovations.
Pankin A.B.
Han Junyi
Evolutionary mechanism of individual musicality and strategies for utilizing musical talents and literacy development in colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China
Based on the concept of "giftedness" in pedagogical psychology, this article explores the evolutionary path of musicality and its implications for music education in colleges and universities, considering the evolutionary mechanism of general intelligence (g-factor) in the field of music, as well as special research in Frontiers in Psychology. It is determined that musicality is the result of the joint action of adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms in human evolution, and its essence includes the integration of cognitive, emotional and social functions. Colleges and universities can combine talent evaluation systems and cognitive neuroscience methods with various teaching methods to realize accurate research on students' musical talents and systematic development of their musical literacy.
Key words: pedagogical psychology, developmental psychology, giftedness, music, evolutionary mechanism, music education, institutions of higher education, cognitive neuroscience.
Maslennikov A.V.
Vakalova L.G.
Testing the physical and technical fitness of young hurdlers in the competitive period
To solve the existing problem, the individual characteristics of runners specializing in 400-meter hurdles are considered, taking into account their technical and physical fitness. As a hypothesis that can be solved on an objective basis, various options for training runners using special macrocycles in the competitive period are considered. Hurdling, especially 400-meter running, is a rather demanding type of athletics, considering the technical and physical functioning of the athlete's motor qualities. Therefore, improving the motor skills of a hurdler during the training period under study is currently relevant. The research is based on planning the training process of hurdlers in the competitive period, taking into account the patterns of the dynamics of their fitness.
Key words: 400-meter hurdles runners, indicators of technical and physical fitness, testing, planning, training process.
Ishmatova Sh.A.
Effective use of language tools, taking into account literary norms in a professional environment
The given article dwells on the personal qualities that determine a person's ability to successfully interact with others. These qualities include the ability to conduct dialogue and monologue in various circumstances, adapting to the interlocutor/audience, as well as mastering the art of formal speech and influencing listeners. To succeed in their work, a modern professional must possess high-level speech culture skills and possess a wide range of competencies for communicating with colleagues and partners (including behavioral, communicative, and linguistic skills). Professional speech is the effective use of linguistic means, taking into account literary norms. Its purpose is to achieve goals of professional significance through verbal interaction. It is speech that allows one to assess a person's professionalism and experience, understand their character, discover their current stage of development and self-improvement, and reveal their inner emotional and spiritual world. Communication culture, behavioral, and linguistic skills directly influence the career of each individual.
Key words: professional activity, language tools, speech, competence, modern specialist, skills and abilities, behavioral and linguistic skills, person's professionalism and experience, dialogue, monologue.
Bezdenezhnykh N.N.
Boytsova I.V.
Vinnik V.K.
Forming psychological and pedagogical readiness of children for high school education
The relevance and novelty of the study is due to the formation of the student's ability to reflectively control their activities as a source of motivation and learning skills, as well as the development of cognitive interests and readiness for effective learning. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical analysis of the research topic, to substantiate and test in practice a technology that ensures the formation of educational reflection in the educational process of secondary schools. The objectives of the study are to identify and substantiate the criteria and levels that characterize the development of educational reflection in students, and to study the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the reflection process. The practical significance lies in the fact that the systematic use of reflection in classes helps to carry out systematic control. Reflection in the lesson helps students to be more conscious of the knowledge gained, as well as to systematize experience, to adequately compare and evaluate the results of their work.
Key words: reflection, activity, consciousness, thinking, motivation, correction, planning.
Vasilyev V.V.
Kulinkovich A.V.
Panikhidnikov S.A.
Current issues in implementing the fundamentals of military training course in the civil higher education system
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the systemic problems in teaching the discipline «Fundamentals of Military Training» (FMT) in Russian civilian higher education institutions. The author identifies and examines in detail three interconnected blocks of challenges: regulatory, legal, and resource support; personnel issues; and content-related and methodological contradictions. It is argued that the lack of a unified educational standard leads to variability in programs and a shortage of material and technical resources. The personnel problem is revealed through the prism of the professional-role dissonance of the teaching staff, divided into "practitioners" without pedagogical skills and "theorists" without military knowledge. The article criticizes the archaic content of the course, its detachment from the realities of hybrid conflicts, and the predominance of inefficient lecture-based formats. In conclusion, a path of systemic reform is proposed, including the development of a federal module, the creation of inter-university centers, targeted teacher retraining, and a radical update of content in favor of practice-oriented and interdisciplinary approaches. The aim of the article is to substantiate the need to move from the formal study of FMT to the creation of an educational platform that develops students' relevant competencies and a conscious civic position in the field of defense.
Key words: fundamentals of military training, higher education, civilian university, educational standard, material and technical base, teaching staff, pedagogical technologies, hybrid threats, interdisciplinary approach.
Zhivoderov A.V.
Gavrilova E.A.
Application of TRX loopes in a training course for general physical training of hockey sledge players
The article discusses the issue of using additional sports equipment at the initial stage (1-2 years) of the long-term educational and training process for training sledge hockey players, which will contribute to the development of both the necessary physical qualities and the functional state of the body of those involved, taking into account the specifics of the chosen sport and existing health limitations. General physical training is the basis for other types of athletes’ preparedness: technical, tactical and psychological, creating the prerequisites for effective mastery of special motor skills from initial to professional levels.
Key words: adaptive sports, sledge hockey, sports equipment, exercise machine, pe., physical education, sports, general physical fitness, functional state of the body, educational and training process.
Mamadjonov S.K.
Pedagogical practice as a factor in the formation of organizational abilities of future primary school teachers
The article examines the role of pedagogical practice in developing organizational abilities of students studying primary education in universities of the Republic of Tajikistan. The specifics of forming these abilities in the real educational environment of Tajik schools are revealed, where future teachers face a variety of organizational tasks, including working with children with disabilities. The features of practical training on the basis of schools in Sughd region are analyzed, and the main difficulties of student teachers in organizing educational process in primary classes under conditions of inclusive education are identified. Special attention is paid to the relationship between theoretical training at university and practical experience working with younger students of various categories, including children with disabilities. Results of observations of 3rd-4th year students' activities at the Faculty of Engineering and Pedagogical Education of Khujand State University named after Academician B. Gafurov during their teaching practice are presented. Statistical data on accessibility of educational services for children with disabilities in the region are provided. Pedagogical conditions facilitating effective development of organizational skills of future teachers in the context of inclusive education are determined. The article materials can be used in developing pedagogical practice programs in higher educational institutions of the republic.
Key words: pedagogical practice, organizational abilities, future primary school teachers, professional training, Republic of Tajikistan, younger students, inclusive education, children with disabilities, educational process, practical skills.
Starostenkov N.V.
About some of the activities of the scientific and pedagogical community to ensure the information security of youth and students in the era of hybrid wars
The article is devoted to the issues of protecting young people and students from negative information influence in the context of modern hybrid wars. The article examines the threats posed by Russia's ideological opponents and the methods they use to manipulate the consciousness of the younger generation. The importance of information and educational work and the need to develop "digital hygiene" skills among young people are emphasized. Special attention is paid to the importance of monitoring youth subcultures and the use of digital technologies to strengthen national security.
Key words: youth, scientific and pedagogical community, information warfare, falsification of history, hybrid threats, political stability, digital space, historical memory, counter-propaganda, digital hygiene.
Khomyakova Y.Y.
Nosova E.A.
Shildyaeva T.V.
Mayorova L.S.
Socio-psychological factors in improving the effectiveness of early sports selection in children
This article examines the possibilities of improving the effectiveness of sports selection of children at the initial stage of training through the use of socio-psychological diagnostic methods. The aim of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of including a socio-psychological testing block in the system of comprehensive testing of children. The research methods included sociological surveys, standardized interviews, sociological observation and psychological testing. The empirical basis of the study was formed through a survey of 500 parents of children aged 6–12 who underwent comprehensive sports testing. The results show that a significant proportion of children already have previous sports experience and are influenced by the sporting environment within the family. These factors may affect the results of traditional physical ability tests. The study demonstrates that the use of socio-psychological methods expands the diagnostic framework of sports selection and increases the objectivity of assessing children’s predisposition to different sports.
Key words: sports selection, children, sports psychology, ability diagnostics, physical development, psychophysiological characteristics, sports orientation.
Khoreshman V.S.
Zablotskaya O.A.
The notion of “common good” as seen by first year students
One of the basic human values is the notion of “common good”. It’s content may significantly vary depending on the social, cultural and personal factors. In this article we observe a range of researches which expand the meaning of the notion of “common good” in various countries, communities and social groups. Also we have carried out a research in two universities, its participants being first year students of engineering, IT and law. The research was carried out in two waves: in 2023 and 2025. In the article the comparative analyses is made. The research allows to come to several conclusion, such as the importance, though ambiguity, of human rights respect, fair distribution of resources, equal rights for all people; extreme significance of peace and safety; increasing value of cultural heritage preservation, clean environment and scientific and technological progress. It's worth mentioning that in 2023 the respondents find all the issues more important on the national level (rather than regional or global), while in 2025 no statistically meaning preference has been discovered. In general, the results of our research correspond to those of the other researches of the “Zummer” generation values and attitudes, though some differences have been found as well.
Key words: common good, global values, global well-being, national well-being, regional well-being, the levels of well-being, human rights, cultural heritage preservation, the attitudes of the youth, personal values.
Zhang Xuefeng
Li Hongjuan
Li Linlin
Ways and challenges of introducing artificial intelligence into the course “Russian Country Studies”
Artificial intelligence technology provides crucial support for reconstructing the course of Russian National Cultural Studies. It demonstrates significant effects in dynamic content transformation, immersive interaction, and personalized evaluation. However, it also faces risks such as data bias, superficial cultural experiences, and the weakening of cognitive subjectivity. The transformation of teaching requires the construction of a collaborative ecosystem of "intelligent tools - innovative models - teacher expertise," upholding the humanistic essence of education.
Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Russia, national cultural studies.
Yusupov S.-A.M.
Educational process: development of students' creative and innovative thinking
In the modern world, people often have to reconsider their views and ideas, think quickly, and find ways to achieve their goals and objectives. In order for a person not only to survive, but also to live comfortably, he needs to learn how to quickly and adequately respond to all the changes in society. The easiest way for a creative person to adapt to all changes is to find and express himself. Modern pedagogy is focused not only on the training of highly qualified specialists, but also on the development of students' creative potential. The task of teachers of professional educational institutions is to explore the potential of their students and choose the most effective methods and means of teaching and educating students, contributing to the disclosure and development of their creative abilities. The task of teachers of professional educational institutions is to explore the potential of their students and choose the right and effective methods and means of teaching and educating students, contributing to the disclosure and development of their creative abilities. It is important to be able to arouse students' interest in creative activity, to teach them to think independently and apply the acquired knowledge. The most effective methods and means of developing students' creative potential are: various types of games (business, intellectual, role-playing), participation in creative events of various levels, research activities, performing independent creative tasks and works. Everyone has creative potential, and through the educational process, it is possible to unleash it and use it for the benefit of oneself and society.
Key words: formation, creative thinking, creator, student, creativity, educational process, method.
Yusupova M.I.
Peculiarities of applying the comparative method in teaching English to future foreign language teachers
This article analyzes the application of the comparative method in teaching English at faculties of foreign languages, particularly in the study of “Phonetics,” “Grammar,” and “Oral and Written English Practice.” The role of comparative analysis in developing students’ analytical and critical thinking, conscious understanding of the structure of the target language and prevention of interlingual interference is examined.
Special attention is paid to comparing the phonetic, grammatical, and lexical systems of English and Tajik, identifying similarities and differences, and designing exercises to develop pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary skills. The application of the comparative approach effectively fosters the professional competence of future teachers, enhances their linguistic intuition, and prepares them for intercultural communication.
Key words: foreign language, comparative method, English language teaching, professional competence, intercultural communication, phonetics, grammar, vocabulary.
Ishmatova Sh.A.
Principles of competency-based education
The article dwells on the theoretical and methodological foundations of the competency-based approach in modern education, aimed at developing students’ personal and professional qualities that ensure their successful social and professional integration. Special attention is paid to the advantages of active, group, and collaborative learning methods that contribute to the development of self-esteem, empathy, cooperation skills, communication abilities, and creative activity. The significance of didactic support and the selection of interactive teaching methods–such as case studies, role-playing, discussions, training sessions, and professional situation modeling–is substantiated in the context of forming professional competence among students of humanities disciplines. The role of facilitation and the pedagogy of cooperation is emphasized, in which the teacher acts as a facilitator and organizer of educational interaction. The study also analyzes learner-centered and activity-based approaches in language teaching, as well as the structure of communicative competence, including linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic, and cultural components. The importance of professionally oriented instruction and consideration of students’ individual characteristics in the selection of teaching materials and educational technologies is highlighted.
Key words: competency-based approach, personal development, collaboration, interactive teaching methods, communication skills, facilitation.
Melik-Bagdasarov A.S.
The role of the organization of United Nations in the settlement of the territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana over Essequibo
The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the settlement of the territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana over the Essequibo region. The paper examines the historical background of the conflict, the legal foundations for its resolution within the framework of the 1966 Geneva Agreement, as well as the evolution of the United Nations’ mediation mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to the differences in the parties’ approaches regarding the jurisdiction of the ICJ in considering the Essequibo dispute. The key stages of the conflict’s escalation are analyzed, including the events of 2015 related to the commencement of oil exploration activities in the disputed area, Guyana’s application to the International Court of Justice in 2018, and the Court’s decisions of 2020 and 2023 concerning its jurisdiction over the issue of the Essequibo’s territorial status, as well as the parties’ reactions to these rulings. The article highlights the ambiguous role of the International Court of Justice: on the one hand, it institutionalizes the process of peaceful dispute settlement; on the other hand, its decisions do not guarantee a final resolution in the absence of political will on the part of the parties.
Key words: Venezuela, Guyana, territorial dispute, Guyana-Essequibo, International Court of Justice, Geneva Agreement, referendum, UN.
Kurovsky S.V.
Mishin D.A.
Morozov M.A.
Evolution of foreign policy of Germany in the context of increasing military expenditure: a historical analysis in the context of international relations
The subject of this study is the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany as a historical phenomenon, its evolution under the influence of systemic changes in the international environment. The aim of the scientific research is to identify the historical pattern, nature and consequences of the correlation between the increase in the military budget of Germany and the evolution of its foreign policy. The article presents the historical background and conceptual foundations of the "turn" in the security policy of Germany (2014-2021), the directions of accelerated militarization of foreign policy, and also outlines the impact of the increase in military spending on the strategic autonomy and positioning of Germany in the system of international relations (2022-2024). The chronological framework covers the modern period, studied as history, with a clearly defined starting point (2014 is a turning point for European security). The analysis is conducted in the context of the interaction of key actors (NATO, EU, USA, Russia), which corresponds to the objective of studying multilateral international relations. In Russian historical science, the connection between budgetary and financial decisions and specific foreign policy steps of the FRG in a selected historical period is comprehensively studied.
Key words: German foreign policy, rising military spending, historical analysis, international relations, security, accelerating militarization, strategic autonomy.
Khachatrian S.N.
Kriazheva-Kartseva E.V.
German entrepreneurs of the “middle class” of Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century: “Vvedensk dyeing and dressing factory of the Trading house “Daber, Neubauer, Goldberg and Co”
The article examines the degree of involvement of German "medium-sized" enterprises in the socio-economic processes in Moscow in the early 20th century. The source base of the study was the office records of the Vvedensk Dyeing and Dressing Factory of the Trading House “Daber, Neubauer, Goldberg and Co.”, stored in the Central State Archive of the city of Moscow, which allowed reconstructing the company's functionality, the nature of orders, and the list of clients. The author concludes that German "middle–class" entrepreneurs successfully integrated themselves into the economic structure of Moscow, using the example of an industrial institution engaged in fabric finishing and dyeing, and made their own contribution to the development of the most important branch of the Moscow industrial region at that time - the textile industry.
Key words: German entrepreneurs, trading houses, dyeing factories, textile industry, Moscow industrial region.
Nabizoda M.S.
Sources on political life and mountain Tajiks in the first years of Alim Khan's reign in Kokand (1800-1805)
This article examines the political life of the Tajik people within the state of Kokand during the reign of Alim Khan (1800-1805). The young khan's rise to power occurred in the early 19th century, a period marked by government tensions. The political situation within and beyond the khanate necessitated the strengthening of central authority. To this end, Alim Khan implemented a series of reforms, the fruits of which were soon to be realized. He was the first in the khanate's history to establish a mercenary army, in which Tajiks from Karategin, Darvaz, Badakhshan, and Afghanistan actively participated in the formation of military units. Historical chronicles provide information on the precise number of mountain Tajiks who organized the mercenary army. As noted in historical sources, the khanate's ruler, along with tribal military units, decided to create an alternative military unit from among the sedentary Tajiks of the mountainous regions of Central Asia—Badakhshan, Karategin, and Darvaz. These units played a key role in strengthening central authority, suppressing the rebellion of the khan's opponents, in military campaigns against the rebellious Ura-Tyube region, and in the conquest of the Kuram and Tashkent regions. During his early reign, Alim Khan addressed internal enemies, removing pretenders to the throne—Khojibek, Rustambek, and Buzurghudzh—and eliminating opponents—Boibut Kalmyk, Rajab Kushbegi, Ashur Muhammad, and Khudoykul Bakhodir. He then organized a military campaign to expand his territory and successfully captured the Kuram, Tashkent, and Chimkent regions.
Key words: mountain Tajiks, Badakhshan, Karategin, Darvaz, Kokand, Chitrals, Vakhio, Konibodom, Isfara, Alim Khan, khanates, Khojibek, Rustambek, Buzurghuja, Rajaba-Kushbegi-Tajik, Ashur Muhammad-Tajik, Khudoykul - Bakhodir-Tajik, Kamysh-Kurgan, Asht, Kandyr-davan, Sangin fortress.
Orekhova O.E.
Social reform policy in the German empire: origins, essence, and the significance of historical experience
This article analyzes the social policy pursued by the ruling elite of the German Empire, led by its founder and first chancellor, Otto von Bismarck. It was his work that initiated the process of "deproletarianization," which envisioned raising social standards of living, primarily for workers, whose numbers were constantly growing, and their integration into urban society. Subsequently, the legislative formulation of social reforms, as one of the defining components of the state's domestic policy, and their practical implementation were linked to the "New Course" outlined by Kaiser Wilhelm II, which was most consistently implemented by Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow. The article examines the reasons for the introduction of the new social policy, highlighting the most significant: the high level of exploitation of the labor force, the almost complete absence of labor legislation, the growing influence of the Social Democratic Party, which was increasing its representation in the Reichstag, and the associated need to reduce social tensions. It is noted that the foundation of social legislation was the social insurance system, which was intended to protect workers, improve their financial situation, eliminate radicalism, and instill faith in the state as the guarantor of their well-being.
Key words: Chancellor, German Empire, political parties, Reichstag, labor legislation, social insurance.
Danilov V.A.
Panova A.A.
The theoretical analysis of the confrontation between Russia and the Collective West in the context of building a new World order
This article primarily aims to analyse the geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the Collective West within the context of constructing a new world order. The actions of Western countries are examined through the lens of offensive neorealism, postulating a primary strategic goal of maximising their own hegemony and preventing the increased role of Russia on the international arena. NATO’s eastward expansion, sanctions policies and the promotion of Western values are interpreted as instruments for containing Russia and consolidating the West's dominant position. However, Russia's actions are analysed within the perspective of defensive neorealism, which posits that states seek to ensure their security and maintain the status quo. The reunification of the Crimean Peninsula with the Russian Federation, along with the commencement of the Special Military Operation, represent pre-emptive measures to ensure the security of Russia and its population in the face of increasing hegemonic ambitions of the United States and the Collective West. Applying Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory, Russia's defensive policy is viewed as a response to attempts by Western bloc countries to weaken its influence in the post-Soviet area. Simultaneously, N. Spykman's Rimland theory explains the interest of the Collective West in NATO expansion and the support of Color Revolutions in states bordering Russia. Furthermore, this study highlights changes in official doctrines and strategies either of Russia or Western bloc countries, clearly demonstrating the transformation in relations between the states. Finally, the ideas of Y. Primakov are reinterpreted through the core tenets of defensive neorealism, specifically the creation of BRICS+ and the SCO. These entities serve as a foundation for establishing a multipolar world order and represent a strategic response to the challenges of the anarchic system, primarily aimed at balancing and forming security coalitions.
Key words: Offensive neorealism, defensive neorealism, Collective West, Russia, USA, BRICS+, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
Faizullozoda Sh.F.
The cultural heritage of the tajiks in the products of modern artisans
The article "The Cultural Heritage of the Tajiks in the Products of Modern Artisans" examines the traditional artistic crafts of the Tajik people and their reflection in the works of modern artisans. Particular attention is paid to the role of artisans in preserving and promoting Tajikistan's cultural heritage, strengthening national identity, and developing the creative industry. This article analyzes traditional elements characteristic of various regions of the country, their semantics, and artistic value. It emphasizes the importance of folk art as a key factor in spiritual education, intergenerational connections, and sustainable cultural development. The research findings can be used in cultural studies, ethnography, art history, and in the practice of preserving intangible cultural heritage. The paper examines such arts and crafts as chakan embroidery, carpet weaving, and the production of national clothing, jewelry, and textiles. Thus, folk crafts are becoming not only a means of cultural preservation but also a factor in socioeconomic development.
Key words: crafts, modern reality, craft design, approaches to preserving cultural heritage, means of cultural preservation, creative industry, works of modern artisans, artistic value, cultural studies, ethnography.
Chagatai Vural
Evolution of methodological approaches in the study of Scythian period costume: from collecting to network analysis
This article presents a historiographic analysis of the development of methodological approaches to studying Scythian period costume as a historical source from the 18th century to the present day. The aim of the research is to identify the main stages in the evolution of scientific methods and their impact on the development of historical science. Methods of historiographic analysis, periodization, and comparative study of scientific schools were applied. The author identifies four periods: collecting (18th – early 20th centuries), typological (1900s–1950s), systemic (1950s–1990s), and interdisciplinary (from the 1990s). The research is based on analysis of works by leading Russian and foreign scholars: M.I. Rostovtzeff, S.I. Rudenko, S.A. Yatsenko, V.I. Mordvintseva, and others. It is shown that the evolution of approaches reflects general trends in the development of historical science: from fact accumulation to their interpretation in a sociocultural context. Special attention is paid to the modern stage, characterized by the application of digital technologies and network analysis methods for studying social structures of ancient societies. Results demonstrate the transformation of costume from an object of art historical interest to a comprehensive historical source for reconstructing social stratification, cultural identity, and interethnic interactions. The theoretical significance lies in systematizing historiographic experience and identifying prospects for source studies development.
Key words: historiography, source studies, Scythian archaeology, methodology of history, costume as historical source, network analysis, digital technologies in history.
Salman Ali
Shogenova E.Sh.
Mirzoeva A.R.
Interaction between the Russian Federation and the United Arab Emirates in the political sphere (2000–2023)
Research Topics. The foundation of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the United Arab Emirates was laid during the Soviet era, when the leadership of both countries embarked on a course toward a mutually beneficial partnership that extended both to the regional agenda and the international arena.
Intensive political dialogue between these states is a significant element in maintaining international stability and the security system functioning both in the subregional space of the Persian Gulf and globally. This circumstance highlights the need to study priority areas of interaction between these international relations actors.
Russia and the United Arab Emirates play an important role in regional and global politics. The UAE is currently the leading oil exporter in the region. Russia is one of the great powers today, actively advocating for the further development of a multipolar world.
Currently, Russia and the UAE maintain a stable political dialogue.
The countries share common views on a number of political issues in the Middle East.
Key words: Russian-UAE cooperation, Russian Federation, United Arab Emirates, political sphere, bilateral cooperation.
Mohammad H.Y.
Shpakovskaya M.A.
Afghanistan's water policy as a factor of environmental change in Central Asian countries
Water resources are a critical element for sustainable development and environmental stability in Central Asia. Afghanistan, located in the upper reaches of the key transboundary rivers of the region (Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Murghab, Amu Darya-Gul), plays a central role in water dynamics. This article analyzes how Afghanistan's water policy – in the context of its internal instability, climate change, and growing irrigation needs – affects transboundary water flows and causes significant environmental changes in neighboring Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan). Special attention is paid to the problems of watershed management, the risks of water scarcity and the need for multilateral cooperation.
Key words: Water policy, Afghanistan, Central Asia, transboundary rivers, environmental changes, irrigation, water scarcity, climate change.
Al Zeedyein Areen Ahmad Odeh
Evolution of Jordanian–Russian relations in the context of contemporary middle eastern politics
Jordanian–Russian relations have undergone significant transformations since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, shifting from an ideological model of interaction to a pragmatic approach based on shared interests. This article examines the historical evolution of bilateral relations between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Russian Federation within the context of regional and international transformations, with particular attention to the main stages of political, economic, and military-strategic cooperation. The study analyzes the growing role of Russia in the Middle East, especially following its intervention in the Syrian crisis in 2015, and assesses the impact of these developments on Jordan’s foreign policy. The article discusses key challenges and prospects for bilateral engagement amid international competition for regional influence and Jordan’s efforts to maintain diplomatic equilibrium between traditional partners and emerging centers of power. In conclusion, it is emphasized that Jordanian–Russian relations represent an example of pragmatic diplomacy in the Middle East, where both countries seek to maximize national interests while ensuring regional stability.
Key words: Jordanian–Russian relations, Middle Eastern politics, pragmatic diplomacy, Jordan, Russia, diplomatic equilibrium.
Gareeva A.I.
The Rhine as a vital artery of the cities of Roman Germany
This review examines the development of port facilities on the Rhine River in a historical context. Initially, water transport on this important European route was closely linked to the activities of the Roman army and the state administration. The Roman Empire used the Rhine primarily as a strategic border and channel for military needs, which entailed the construction of fortifications and military-oriented infrastructure on the banks of the river.
However, from the very beginning, the Germanic tribes of Lower Germany played an important role in the development of river navigation. They took an active part in the construction and maintenance of port facilities – berths, docks, dams and other facilities that provided convenience and safety of navigation. Thanks to the efforts of both the Romans and the Germans, the infrastructure was gradually improved.
Over time, the functional purpose of the Rhine has undergone significant changes. The military importance of the river has decreased, and peaceful navigation and trade have come first. The Rhine became the main transport artery for the transportation of goods, which contributed to the development of trade and economic prosperity of the region. This transition vividly reflects the changing priorities and the growing economic role of the Rhine as a key route for commerce and cultural exchange in Europe.
The Rhine River went from a military frontier to an important transport highway that played a significant role in the history of the development of European territories and peoples.
Key words: Rhine, Lower Germany, Colony of Claudius Ara Agrippina, shipping.
Zolotukhin S.V.
Key objectives and activities of VOKS in the socialist camp countries (1945–1958)
During the Cold War, cultural diplomacy became a key instrument of ideological influence and consolidation of the socialist camp for the USSR. Based on the analysis of published documents and inside departmental correspondence, the article examines the activities of the main conductor of this policy-the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS) in 1945-1958. Systemic shortcomings in VOKS's work are identified: lack of strategic planning, inability to adapt to the internal situation in the socialist camp countries, and internal organizational contradictions. Using the material of critical correspondence about VOKS's activities in Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria, it is demonstrated how the structural and managerial problems revealed in the documents predetermined a large-scale structural transformation of Soviet cultural diplomacy. The Hungarian events of 1956 served as a catalyst for reform, which resulted in the creation in 1957–1958 of the State Committee for Cultural Relations (GKKS) under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the transformation of VOKS into the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (SSOD).
Key words: Soviet cultural diplomacy, VOKS (All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries), SSOD (Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries), Cold War, socialist camp, institutional transformation, ideological consolidation, "soft power".
Zolkhoev B.V.
On the history of the Kushan (Quxian) region in the middle Tang and early Yuan periods (mid-8th – second half of the 13th centuries)
This article examines the identification and history of the Kushan Tarim region (primarily the modern-day Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China), which at various times belonged to the Kushan Empire, the Uyghur Empire, and various dynasties of medieval China. An attempt is made to elucidate the nature of the relationship between this part of China's northwestern possessions and the metropolis during the middle Tang Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty of the Mongols in China.
The article analyzes Chinese historical sources and works by foreign authors from various periods related to this topic.
Key words: Kushan, Tarim, Xinjiang, Tang, Song, Yuan dynasties, history of the state and ethnic group, Chinese historical sources, foreign researchers.
Bredikhin A.V.
Yerasova E.A.
Leonova Yu.Yu.
The river as a geographical and economic landscape: water resources and the organization of the life of the don army (XVI–XVIII centuries)
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the role of the Don River as a central element of the geographical and economic landscape of the Don Army in the XVI–XVIII centuries. Based on a wide range of sources, it is proved that water resources and the hydrographic network were not just a habitat, but a system-forming factor that determined the settlement structure, economic structure, legal norms («river law») and social conflicts in the Cossack community. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of fisheries as the basis of the economy and waterways as the framework of transport and military logistics. The paper concludes that the formation of a unique «riverine» type of lifestyle, where access to the water area and coastline was a key condition for owning land, resources and power.
Key words: historical geography, Don Cossacks, river landscape, water resources, «river law», fisheries, XVI–XVIII centuries, Don army, ecological history.
Uporov I.V.
Syusyura V.L.
Condemnation of philosopher V.N. Muravyov for anti-soviet propaganda in the context of his theory of "solar history" (1920-1929)
After the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began actively shaping their statehood based on communist (socialist) ideology, using rather harsh methods, including coercion, and not allowing any other ideology in Soviet society, the bearers of which were representatives of the intelligentsia with different theoretical preferences in the field of social science. In fulfillment of this directive, many scientists, writers, and publicists were expelled from the country, including on the infamous "philosophers' ship" in 1922. But not all those who disagreed with the Bolsheviks left. This article examines the fate of one of them–the lawyer and philosopher V.N. Muravyov, who defended the Socialist Revolutionaries during their trial in 1922 and was a supporter of N.F. Fedorov's "cosmic" ideas. Muravyov's beliefs were quite complex and contradictory; in particular, he believed that humanity's true historical mission was to conquer death and destroy earthly history, thereby ushering in a new history–a "solar history," and then a "cosmic history." Although Muravyov even supported Soviet power in some ways, the OGPU decided that his views posed a danger to Soviet society. He was arrested three times, eventually accused of anti-Soviet propaganda, and died in exile.
Key words: October Revolution, Bolsheviks, ideology, philosophers, OGPU, Muravyov, Fedorov's ideas, anti-Soviet propaganda.
Atrisangari F.
Kornoukhova G.G.
B.N. Yeltsin's Position on Iranian-Russian Military Cooperation in the 1990s
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War fundamentally altered the geopolitical landscape for all actors in international relations. The presidency of B.N. Yeltsin was a period of dramatic fluctuations in Russian-Iranian military cooperation. Having begun the decade with large-scale contracts that included the supply of sophisticated weapons (T-72 tanks, MiG-29 aircraft, submarines) and assistance in the development of Iran's nuclear program, by the end of the 1990s, Russia had largely halted this interaction under unprecedented pressure from the United States. The culmination of this pressure was the secret Gore-Chernomyrdin Memorandum of 1995. This reversal cost Moscow not only billions of dollars in losses but also seriously undermined its credibility as a reliable partner. The relevance of this study lies in the need to reassess the outcomes of the Yeltsin era to understand the current level and prospects of the strategic partnership between Russia and Iran. Many of the problems and stereotypes that emerged in bilateral relations during the 1990s continue to influence their interaction today. The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of B.N. Yeltsin's position regarding military-technical cooperation with Iran, to identify the factors that determined the shift from active partnership to its curtailment, and to assess the long-term consequences of this policy.
Key words: B.N. Yeltsin, Iran, military-technical cooperation, Gore-Chernomyrdin Memorandum, Russian-Iranian relations.
Khalitov A.A.
Government oversight of independent pharmacies and privately practicing medical practitioners in the Ufa province
In the modern era, amidst a market economy and digital transformations, addressing socially significant challenges in healthcare becomes feasible through the implementation of targeted support measures and regulatory frameworks for social entrepreneurship in the medical field. The objective of this scholarly work is to conduct a historical and analytical review of mechanisms for state regulation of business entities in the medical sector within the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research problem lies in enhancing the regional regulatory and legal framework in the healthcare industry, taking into account contemporary challenges and objectives. The findings of the study can be applied in developing a model for the development of social entrepreneurship within the healthcare system of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The primary research method employed is a retrospective analysis of the development of private medicine in the Republic of Bashkortostan. To address the research objectives, an analysis of causal relationships is conducted between the legislation in force in the Ufa Governorate from 1865 to 1922 and the evolution of private medical practice. The scientific novelty of the research consists in identifying persistent trends in the development of social entrepreneurship in healthcare, as well as in establishing the link between state regulation and the advancement of private medicine in the Ufa Governorate.
Key words: Ufa Governorate, privately practicing physician, private pharmacy, state regulation, social entrepreneurship, medicine, social issue, reform.
Gusarova M.E.
Evolution of the main directions of the Russian state's social and medical policy and its legal regulation in the first half of the 18th century
The article examines the directions of social and medical policy in Russia in the first half of the 18th century. These directions were identified through the analysis of regulations contained in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Firstly, the article analyzes the decrees that determined the establishment of pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics. Secondly, it identifies the main sources of funding for medical treatment for various population groups. Thirdly, the article highlights the challenges in providing medical personnel and examines the government's efforts to address these issues. Fourth, the measures taken by the authorities to combat epidemics are revealed. A comparative analysis showed that all areas were regulated by law during the reigns of Peter I and Anna Ioannovna. The state always paid special attention to the military, which was due to foreign policy factors. The civilian population was also the subject of social and medical policies.
Key words: medicine, hospitals, pharmacies, epidemics, medical personnel training, financial support, treatment, medical management, legislation.
Ionova Y.V.
Main reasons for the adoption of the 1864 judicial reform
This article analyzes the reasons for the 1864 judicial reform in the Russian Empire. It examines the political, social, economic, and other factors that necessitated the transformation of the judicial system. Particular attention is given to the role of public opinion and the importance of establishing an independent and fair court that would protect the rights of all citizens.
Key words: 1864 judicial reform, judicial system, Alexander II, public opinion, justice, rule of law.
Kulepova P.V.
Moseykina M.N.
Siberian military – hospital train No. 14, named in honor of Princess Z.N. Yusupova during the Russo-Japanese War
The article is devoted to the study of the activities of sanitary train No 14 under the patronage of Princess Z. Yusupova. It was during the period of the Russian-Japanese war. The relevance of the work is due to the insufficient study of the role of private philanthropy of the aristocracy in the organization of military and medical aid including in the formation of ambulance trains for the evacuation of wounded, problems of interaction between private initiatives and state structures in wartime conditions. Reconstructed history of the functioning of the sanitary train during the period of the Russian-Japanese War. The research methodology includes analytic content, statistical and organizational analyses; historical-genetic, chronological, structural methods. The results obtained confirm the significant role of sanitary trains in saving the lives of soldiers and officers of the Tsarist army and demonstrate the personal contribution of Princess Z. Yusupova to the development of the military-medical service of Russia, broaden scientific understanding of the mechanisms of medical care at the front and the importance of private charity in the military history of the country.
Key words: Russia, Japan, military medical evacuation, aristocratic charity, military medicine, railway ambulance transport.
Lelikov V.V.
Peculiarities of marriage of priests and their family members of some hereditary dynasties of the Ural region in the second half of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th centuries
The relevance of this topic is due to the growing interest in the history of the Russian priesthood in the historical field. After a long period of Soviet atheistic politics, many people today turn to Orthodox history as a subject of national identity formation. The history of the marriage of priests and their family members reflects the priorities of family life. The subject of this study is the social and cultural characteristics of Ural parish clergy and their family members in changing conditions.
The object of the research is the biographies of members of the priestly Orthodox dynasties of the Ural region in the second half of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th century.
The article is based on archival materials from the Russian State Historical Archive, the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk region, the state archives of the Sverdlovsk region, Shadrinsk and others.
The scientific novelty of the article lies in the introduction of new historical sources, as well as an attempt to highlight some of the features of choosing a bride or groom for a clergyman and his family members, based on the multidimensional motives and society.
Using the methods of historical reconstruction and comparative studies, it was noted that members of the Ural branch of the hereditary dynasty of the Zolotavin clergy, as well as other families of Church servants and other classes adjacent to them, from the second half of the 19th to the first quarter of the 20th centuries, mainly chose a partner for family life from other families of priests, which is due to certain factors. This statement was true until the formation of Soviet power: the clergy were persecuted, the Russian Orthodox Church was destroyed as an institution, therefore, in new circumstances, the issue of marriage often becomes a tool for the survival of an individual, rather than a priestly dynasty.
Key words: Orthodoxy, church, marriage, archives, Zolotaviny, Serebrennikov, Kudryavtsev, Plotnikov, Ural, Russian Empire, Soviet Russia.
Authors
Al Zeedyein Areen Ahmad Odeh, Postgraduate, department of International Relations world politics and diplomacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan.
Atrisangari F., Master's student at the Department of Russian History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Bezdenezhnykh N.N., Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Departmentof European Languages and Teaching Methods Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin, Nizhny Novgorod. SPIN-code: 0000-0002-8064-1099
Boytsova I.V., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages and Culture of Speech Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod. SPIN-code: 0000-0002-8559-4100
Bredikhin A.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Chagatai Vural, Graduate student. Faculty of History, Department of General History State Academic University of Humanities.
Danilov V.A., PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba.
Davydov D.V., Student at Volgograd State University, Volgograd.
Faizullozoda Sh.F., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Law, Khujand State University named after Academician Bobojon Gafurov, Khujand, Tajikistan.
Gareeva A.I., PhD student. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan.
Gavrilova E.A., St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. SPIN- code: 6230-7612
Gusarova M.E., Candidate of History, Associate Professor of the Department of social, humanitarian and legal disciplines. Murom Institute (branch) of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher professional education «Vladimir State University named Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov», Murom.
Han Junyi, Postgraduate Student. Don State Technical University, China.
Ionova Y.V., Postgraduate student, North Caucasus Institute – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Pyatigorsk. ORCID: 0009-0007-7800-1387
Ishmatova Sh.A., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Methods of Teaching Russian Language and Literature, B. Gafurov Khakassia State University, Khujand, Tajikistan.
Khachatrian S.N., Master's from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Specialization: history.
Khalitov A.A., Postgraduate Student. «Ufa State Petroleum Technological University», Institute of business ecosystems and creative industries, Department of international relations, history and oriental studies, Ufa.
Khomyakova Y.Y., Senior Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University).
Khoreshman V.S., PhD in Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities and Social and Economic Sciences, Polytechnic Institute (branch) of DSTU (Don State Technical University), Taganrog. ORCID: 0000-0001-7823-178X
Kornoukhova G.G., PhD in History, Associate Professor at the Department of Russian History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Kriazheva-Kartseva E.V., Associate Professor, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of Department of the History of Russia from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Kulepova P.V., Second-year Master's student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, History major. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Kulinkovich A.V., Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Environmental Safety of Telecommunications. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruyevich". SPIN-code: 9909-5911
Kurovsky S.V., Head of the Research Department LLC "Higher School of Education".
Lelikov V.V., Graduate student at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Leonova Yu.Yu., Third-year student, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management (First Cossack University).
Li Hongjuan, Associate Professor, Heihe University, People's Republic of China.
Li Linlin, Associate Professor, Heihe University, People's Republic of China.
Lukashenko D.V., Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor leading researcher. Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.
Mamadjonov S.K., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, of the Faculty of Engineering and Pedagogical Education, Jabbor Rasulov District, State Educational Institution “Khujand State University named after Academician B. Gafurov”, Khujand, Republic of Tajikistan.
Maslennikov A.V., Professor of the Department of Theory and Methodology of Athletics, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Institution of Higher Education, P.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health, St. Petersburg.
Mayorova L.S., Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University).
Melik-Bagdasarov A.S., Graduate student of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Mirzoeva A.R., PhD in History, Assistant Professor, Department of Foreign and Archaeological Studies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba.
Mishin D.A., Head of the Editorial and Publishing Department of LLC "Higher School of Education".
Mohammad H.Y., Second-year master's degree program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, People's Friendship University of Russia.
Morozov M.A., Student of the Faculty of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
Moseykina M.N., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Nabizoda M.S., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General History, Khujand State University named after Academician Bobojon Gafurov, Khujand, Tajikistan.
Nosova E.A., Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University).
Orekhova O.E., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of German Language Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. ORCID: 0000-0003-1930-1666.
Panikhidnikov S.A., Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor. Head of the Department of Environmental Safety of Telecommunications, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution. SPIN-code: 1848-7390
Pankin A.B., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor. Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don.
Panova A.A., Second-year Master's student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba.
Sadovnikov E.S., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor in the Department of Physical Education and Health Technologies, Volgograd State University, Volgograd.
Salman Ali, Third-year undergraduate student, International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba.
Shildyaeva T.V., Senior Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University).
Shogenova E.Sh., Second-year master's student, Foreign Regional Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba.
Shpakovskaya M.A., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Starostenkov N.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Russian State Social University.
Syusyura V.L., Candidate of Legal Sciences, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar.
Uporov I.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor. Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar.
Vakalova L.G., PhD in Economics, Professor of the Department of Management and Economics of Sports, Federal State Institution of Higher Education, P.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health, St. Petersburg.
Vasilyev V.V., Senior Lecturer of the Department of Environmental Safety of Telecommunications. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruyevich". SPIN-code: 7307-0348
Vinnik V.K., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Mathematical Modeling of Economic Processes National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod. SPIN-code: 0000-0000-2562-0279
Yerasova E.A., Third-year student, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management (First Cossack University).
Yusupova M.I., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Language Teaching Methods, Khujand State University named after Academician Bobojon Gafurov, Khujand.
Yusupov S.-A.M., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Department of Construction and Geodetic Works, Mining and Metallurgical Institute, Buston, Tajikistan.
Zablotskaya O.A., PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages, Southern Federal University, Taganrog. ORCID: 0000-0001-5042-2015
Zhang Xuefeng, Assistant Researcher, Heihe University, People's Republic of China.
Zhegalova M.N., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Physical Education and Health Technologies, Volgograd State University, Volgograd.
Zhivoderov A.V., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. SPIN-code: 1648-729
Zolkhoev B.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Tourism and Service, Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov.
Zolotukhin S.V., Graduate student of the Department of Russian History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
