Content

Pedagogy
Lukashenko D.V. Integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the pedagogical process: impact on the development of critical thinking in students in the context of digital transformation of education	13
Shchuplenkov O.V. The integration link between the development of information and communication technologies in education and the digital competence of university teacher	21
Berdnikova E.G., Boychuk I.V. Natural science education as a resource for students’ professional self-determination	33
Wang Yingying, Mu Xin The concept of creating and practical ways of implementing a virtual department for the specialty “Russian language (pedagogical profile)”	43
Kashkynbay K.T. The significance of folk pedagogy in the upbringing of children and adolescents	56
Kruglov S.G., Zhivoderov A.V., Gavrilova E.A. Methodology for the development of general physical fitness in goalball athletes at the sports and recreation stage of sports training	66
Kungurova I.M., Kadyseva A.R., Amrenova S.B., Korotaeva L.D., Tretyakov V.A. Integration of digital tools into project-based activities in the process of learning foreign languages (using the example of the digital platform «Smart Kids»)	74
Ma Xiang Reconstruction of abilities and transformation of music teachers ‘ training in mixed learning	85
Nosirzoda N.N. The practical usage of internet at physics lessons	94
Pozharskiy S.O. Development of leadership potential of future master’s degree pedagogy students: theoretical foundations, pedagogical conditions and criteria of effectiveness	102
Shilin I.V. Sanogetic reflection as a system-forming component of reflexive culture in the educational process: theoretical-methodological foundations and practical implications	111
History  of  geopolitics,  international  relations  and  general  history
Timoshenko V.N. Australian policy in the Asia-Pacific region at the turn of the XX-XXI century	125
Tumbusov D.D. Intrigues of the political leadership of Czechoslovakia as a catalyst for the events of the Prague spring	136
Azimov U.Kh. German-Tajik relations: evolution, main directions and development prospects	146
Farkhutdinov R.R., Aleshin M.S., Ponko T.I. The role of nuclear energy in Taiwan’s energy balance	153
Cheltsov B.V. The ideological crisis of German Christian democracy in the early XXI century: the transformation of the CDU/CSU bloc	161
Balde H.U. Cooperation between Portugal and Guinea-Bissau in the field of higher education and research for the period 2016–2025	176
Gorbachev D.V. Fessler and Hungary	183
Kryachko L.A., Galiullina E.R., Kadyrov R.R. The «Guo Chao»  phenomenon as an instrument of economic modernization and the construction of national identity in contemporary China	188
Loginov D.K. China–Russia interregional cooperation in education and science (2001–2020): from academic exchanges to a space of humanitarian dialogue	196
Milandu Bretnel C.R. Conflict, gender, and peacekeeping in the Democratic Republic of the Congo	208
Naidenova A.O. The evolution of French think tanks’ approaches to NATO’s role in providing European security (2007–2025)	219
Nemeriuk I.A., Popova E.A. Reorganization of infantry weapons production in France during the Consulate (1799–1804)	226
Solikhodjaeva S.A. Russia and the liberation struggle in India in the middle of the 19th century	234
Semibratov E.V., Khachatryan R.A. Transformation of the D. Trump Administration’s Position on the Ukrainian Crisis in 2025–2026	247
Topical  issues  of  historical  sciences
Blokhin V.V., Fomicheva Y.V. The embroidery craft of Chuvashia: trends and specifics of development in the 20-th century	257
Shavlokhova E.S., Podstavkina V.A., Khromykh U.D., Dehniya A.E. The history of food engineering in the USSR: from hand-made dumplings to industrial machines	265
Bredikhin A.V., Serdyuk A.A. The Cossack education system in Transbaikalia in the frontier environment	271
Vazhenin D.A. Features of the functional mechanisms of the special conference on fuel in 1917	280
Valek N.A. Modern scientific journals as a historical indicator of communicative autarky (a case study of the water management sector)	289
Vasina K.I., Skorikova Yu.V., Serdtseva A.A., Tarasov A.V. Features of soviet sports architecture of the 1960-1985s	301
Gorsky A.S. Labor migration as a mechanism for the development of silk-weaving crafts in the Vladimir province (on the example of the Pokrovsky district)	311
Ermishkin V.V., Matyukhanov V.N., Trofimov A.A., Zavorokhina N.S. The phenomenon of denunciation in the practice of political investigation in the first half of the 18th century	320
Eroshkov K.Yu., Antipova M.A., Groshev D.D., Popova M.B., Ivanov K.S. Soviet agitation and propaganda during the Great Patriotic War	326
Okhochinsky D.M. Professor V.V. Shkvartsov’s contribution to the development of a new scientific direction at the Rocket Science Department of the Baltic State Technical University “Voenmekh” named after D.F. Ustinov	338
Panasyuk V.V. Franz Franzevich Vasilevsky: official activities of the first zemstvo agronomist of the Kozelsk district of the Kaluga province during the Stolypin reforms of the early 20th century	348
Podobedov A.V. Russian society’s perceptions of parliamentarism at the initial stage of its practical implementation in Russia	358
Khronova I.A., Penziev M.S., Onishchenko M.R., Komsa M.D. The history of banking and lending during the soviet period in the 1920s	367
Lebedeva M.B., Martynova T.V., Chernikova A.V. Workbook “the world around us: studying and loving our region” as a means of implementing an interactive model for studying the history of one’s region	383
Chukavin A.A. The Russian revolution of 1905 as reflected in the Moscow diocesan periodical press (october-december 1905)	395
Sharafutdinov A.A. Ufa province as a zone of religious conflict: the confrontation of the Orthodox mission, Islam and Paganism in 1880-1905	406
Abstracts	436
Authors	460

 

 

Abstracts

Lukashenko D.V.

Integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the pedagogical process: impact on the development of critical thinking in students in the context of digital transformation of education

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of integrating artificial intelligence technologies on the development of students’ critical thinking in the context of digital transformation of education. Based on the results of a multi-stage pedagogical experiment involving more than 1200 participants and a review of current research, the mechanisms of both positive and negative effects of adaptive platforms, generative models, and intelligent chatbots on cognitive processes are revealed. Particular attention is paid to learning personalization, which contributes to increased motivation and metacognitive skills, but simultaneously carries risks of cognitive offloading, reduced independent information synthesis, and the formation of an illusion of competence. Pedagogical conditions for effective AI integration are substantiated, including the use of the “dual-contrast” approach, systematic teacher training, and regular reflective practices. Methodological recommendations aimed at preserving human intellectual autonomy while actively using technologies are proposed. The research results emphasize the dialectical nature of AI’s influence and the need for purposeful pedagogical design to achieve a balance between technological opportunities and the development of key 21st-century competencies. The identified patterns allow offering practical guidelines for educational policy and methodological work in the context of accelerated digitalization.
Key words: artificial intelligence in education, critical thinking, digital transformation, personalized learning, cognitive risks, pedagogical design.

 

Shchuplenkov O.V.

The integration link between the development of information and communication technologies in education and the digital competence of university teacher

The conditions and prospects of the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher education institutions as a resource for the strategic development of the educational process are revealed. The article substantiates the instrumental paradigm of digitalization of higher education and the pedagogical insufficiency of didactic and meaningful modernization of the educational environment of the university in the context of digital transformation. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to form the digital competence of teachers as a basic condition for the technologization of the educational process in the context of the digitalization of the educational environment. The subject of the study is a university teacher. The object of the research is the digital competence and research skills of university teachers. The subject of the research is the relationship between digital competencies and research skills of teachers. The purpose of the article is to consider the conceptual foundations of the integration of information and communication technologies into higher education and their relationship to the development of digital competence of university teachers. The empirical basis of the research is a descriptive and analytical document–oriented approach with elements of systematic literary analysis (PRISMA methodology). The study is not experimental, as there is no operative effect of the researcher on variables and the dependence of variables. A cross-sectional design was chosen, which assumes the study of variables at one point in time. This type of study is characterized by minimal researcher intervention in the variables being studied and, as a rule, the absence of control groups. The revealed patterns confirm the expediency of technological convergence of pedagogical mediation and pedagogical support at the university. The practical significance of the research is confirmed by the real need of a university teacher to master information retrieval skills (not everyone knows where to study, they do not know how to critically select sources), critical analysis of technical and scientific literature (they do not know how to analyze the technical content of the material, possess special terminology, work with special equipment, which prevents them qualitatively integrate theories with practical research tasks).
Key words: higher education, documentary analysis, research, matrix, operating models, thematic significance, digital technologies.

 

Berdnikova E.G.
Boychuk I.V.

Natural science education as a resource for students' professional self-determination

In the context of modern socio-economic dynamics, the role of natural sciences in addressing global challenges such as environmental sustainability, the development of production capacities, and improving the quality of life for the population is significantly increasing. This, in turn, highlights the importance of improving natural science education, the quality of which has raised certain concerns in recent years. The topic is implemented within the framework of the state assignment "The research is carried out by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation on the topic: 'Scientific and Methodological Support for Natural Science Educators for Career Guidance Work, taking into account the socio-economic conditions of the Kherson region'" (No. 073-00108-26-01) for 2026.
Key words: professional education, natural science cycle, motivation, practical experience, digitalization, research activities, research potential, natural science disciplines, career guidance activities, professional self-determination.

 

Wang Yingying
Mu Xin

The concept of creating and practical ways of implementing a virtual department for the specialty "Russian language (pedagogical profile)"

As a new form of grassroots teaching organization in the digital age, the virtual teaching and research office holds significant importance for the collaborative development of foreign language teacher teams. Based on practical explorations in the Russian language (teacher education) major, this paper systematically expounds the connotative features of such virtual offices, including cross-time-space collaboration, multi-agent symbiosis, and intelligent resource sharing. It constructs the organizational structure from three dimensions: organizational framework, operational mechanisms, and collaborative teaching-research models. Furthermore, it identifies four distinctive characteristics: “teacher-education orientation, Russian language features, technology empowerment, and inter-institutional linkage”. On the practical pathway level, a four-in-one promotion strategy is proposed, encompassing co-construction of platforms, joint development of courses, collaborative cultivation of teaching staff, and shared assessment mechanisms. The paper also discusses the effectiveness and future optimization of the virtual teaching and research office. The study indicates that this construction concept and practical model can provide replicable experience for the high-quality development of Russian teacher education.
Key words: virtual department, sociality, Russian language, pedagogical profile, concept of creation, practical ways of implementation.

 

Kashkynbay K.T.

The significance of folk pedagogy in the upbringing of children and adolescents

The article examines the issues of national education of students in the modern system of Kazakhstani education. The significance of folk pedagogy and national-cultural values in the development of patriotism, national consciousness, tolerance, and the culture of interethnic communication is highlighted. The necessity of integrating traditions, language, and cultural heritage into the educational process is substantiated. The pedagogical conditions for the development of students’ national identity in a multicultural society are identified. It is emphasized that educational institutions serve as key socialization agents in fostering civic responsibility, respect for native culture, and spiritual and moral values.
Key words: spiritual and moral education, national values, national self-awareness, national pride, cultural traditions, tolerance, national identity, national dignity, civic identity, patriotic education, multicultural environment.

 

Kruglov S.G.
Zhivoderov A.V.
Gavrilova E.A.

Methodology for the development of general physical fitness in goalball athletes at the sports and recreation stage of sports training

Modern realities, characterized by a number of socio-economic difficulties and military conflicts, stimulate a growing interest among young people and students in affordable forms of physical activity. Physical exercises that can compensate for the effects of a sedentary lifestyle and have a comprehensive positive effect on the body, including the recovery period after injuries, are of key importance. Goalball is becoming one of the most relevant sports in Russia. It is specially designed for people with visual impairments and is included in the program of the Paralympic Games. Goalball classes allow athletes with disabilities to: maintain an optimal level of physical activity; develop coordination of movements; form teamwork skills. The support from the Russian Paralympic Committee underlines the relevance of this sport and its importance in the system of adaptive physical culture.
Key words: adaptive sports, training process, sports and health stage, sports training, physical fitness, functional systems of the body.

 

Kungurova I.M.
Kadyseva A.R.
Amrenova S.B.
Korotaeva L.D.
Tretyakov V.A.

Integration of digital tools into project-based activities in the process of learning foreign languages (using the example of the digital platform «Smart Kids»)

The article is devoted to the issue of integrating digital tools into project-based activities in foreign language teaching and proposes a comprehensive solution to the identified pedagogical and technological challenges. The aim of the study is to systematize the didactic potential of digital tools in organizing project-based activities in foreign languages, to identify the methodological conditions for their effective implementation in order to overcome the problems of academic presentation of project works in a foreign language. The study analyzes some specialized digital solutions that help students and educators properly structure project work according to academic standards in a foreign language. The authors develop a typology of educational projects in foreign languages, define the criteria for selecting digital resources for each stage of project-based activity, and propose the concept of the digital platform "Umnodetki" as a comprehensive tool for organizing project work. The practical significance of the results lies in their applicability for teachers, methodologists, developers of educational platforms, and the administrations of educational institutions. Integrating digital tools into project-based activities significantly enhances the effectiveness of language education and prepares students for life and professional work in the context of the digital transformation of society.
Key words: project-based activity, digital tools, foreign language, methodology, digital literacy, digital platform.

 

Ma Xiang

Reconstruction of abilities and transformation of music teachers ' training in mixed learning

The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical understanding of the processes of reconstruction of professional abilities of music teachers in the context of the transition to blended learning in the system of higher pedagogical education in China. The methodological basis of the study is the competence approach, the concept of TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge), as well as the theoretical provisions of blended learning developed by Chinese and foreign scientists. The article analyzes structural changes in the professional competencies of music teachers caused by the digital transformation of education; reveals contradictions between the traditional training model and the requirements of the modern educational environment. The main results show that mixed learning generates a fundamentally new configuration of professional abilities of a music teacher, including technological, artistic-pedagogical, and reflexive-adaptive components. The author concludes that it is necessary to systematically reconstruct the educational programs of pedagogical universities in China.
Key words: mixed learning, music teacher, PRC, reconstruction of abilities, TPACK, digital transformation, music and pedagogical education, professional competencies, pedagogical training.

 

Nosirzoda N.N.

The practical usage of internet at physics lessons

The given article dwells on the study of the practical usage of internet in physics lessons. It is noted that the development of educational and information technologies has reached a level where it is impossible not to use electronic teaching aids in physics lessons. It is worth mentioning that the science of physics has always been the foundation of all achievements of human civilization; computer technology and the Internet are no exception. The use of computers in physics teaching allows complex physical processes to be presented in a modeling and simulation manner, complex calculations to be performed quickly and accurately, and virtual experiments to be implemented.
Thus, the use of computers in physics lessons is considered one of the important factors in improving the quality of education, it allows the learning process to be interesting, effective, and in line with the requirements of the time.
Key words: computer use, quality of education, physics teaching, physics lesson, important factors, various scientifico-technical fields, requirements of the time, complex calculations, modeling and simulation manner, fundamental disciplines.

 

Pozharskiy S.O.

Development of leadership potential of future master's degree pedagogy students: theoretical foundations, pedagogical conditions and criteria of effectiveness

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on the problem of developing leadership potential in future master's degree pedagogy students during their professional training at a university. The concept of "leadership potential of a master's degree pedagogy student" is clarified; three phases of its development (need-based, orientation, activating) are identified. An assessment-diagnostic toolkit has been developed, including three criteria (gnostic, interactive, regulatory) and three levels of formation (operational, local, unified). Pedagogical conditions implemented in unity are presented: activation of critical thinking of the future master's degree pedagogy student (gamification), formation of leadership qualities and teamwork experience (educational training), formation of readiness for leadership position manifestation (socio-professional trials). The results of experimental work (n=82) confirming the effectiveness of the developed conditions are presented (Pearson's criterion, p ≤ 0.01). The work is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the federal projects of the national project "Youth and Children".
Key words: leadership potential, master's degree pedagogy student, phases of leadership potential development, gnostic criterion, interactive criterion, regulatory criterion, educational training, socio-professional trials, pedagogical conditions.

 

Shilin I.V.

Sanogetic reflection as a system-forming component of reflexive culture in the educational process: theoretical-methodological foundations and practical implications

The article addresses the analysis of the reflexive culture phenomenon in the educational process through the lens of sanogenic reflection. The authors undertake a theoretical-methodological substantiation of sanogenic reflection as a system-forming component of the reflexive culture of both teacher and student. Based on a synthesis of philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical approaches, a conceptual model is developed revealing the mechanisms of interaction among various types of reflection – situational, retrospective, prospective, emotional, activity-based, and cognitive – within the integral educational space. The principal distinction of sanogenic reflection from its homeostatic counterpart is substantiated: while the latter ensures only a temporary adaptive effect, sanogenic reflection forms stable neurocognitive mechanisms of protection against pathogenic stress factors. Relative indicators of the effectiveness of reflection-oriented instruction are presented. The conclusion is drawn that systematic cultivation of sanogenic reflection in the educational process not only enhances students' academic achievement but also forms sustainable life strategies, serving as an instrument of educational humanization.
Key words: reflection, reflexive culture, sanogenic reflection, educational process, pedagogical reflection, emotional reflection, self-regulation, metacognition, reflective educational environment, professional competence.

 

Timoshenko V.N.

Australian policy in the Asia-Pacific region at the turn of the XX-XXI century

The article examines the main problems of the foreign policy of the government of J. Howard in Australia in the context of the country's national security problems. The collapse of the bipolar world and the worsening economic situation of Australia pushed the country towards closer military-political cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The Labor government in the early 90s made attempts to create a collective security system in the region similar to the OSCE in Europe. But the Asian crisis of 1998 raised serious doubts about the correctness of this policy. The coalition government of J. Howard, which replaced Labour, gradually began to return to traditional guidelines in matters of national security. At the center of the new policy was the alliance with the United States, as the main guarantor of regional and world stability. Following the “Howard Doctrine,” the essence of which was Australia’s readiness to perform the functions of an “American sheriff” in the region, Australia assumed the right to ensure regional security.
Key words: Asia-Pacific region, Asian direction, regionalism, collective security.

 

Tumbusov D.D.

Intrigues of the political leadership of Czechoslovakia as a catalyst for the events of the Prague spring

This article analyzes the intra-party struggle within the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and 1960s, which became one of the key factors determining the course of the Prague Spring and the subsequent deployment of a limited contingent of Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia. The article focuses on the personal ambitions, career calculations, and political maneuvers of members of the CPC party nomenklatura. Through an analysis of the political activities of A. Dubсek, A. Novotny, I. Hendrych, G. Husak, and other key figures, the article demonstrates how the struggle for power between the conservative wing (Novotny) and the young reformers (Dubcek) developed from a hidden confrontation into an open conflict. Particular attention is paid to the methods of political struggle: the use of the results of investigations into the repressions of the 1950s, manipulation of Slovak nationalism, personnel purges, and personal negotiations aimed at splitting opponents. The article reveals that Dubcek’s reforms were not so much a well-developed program of “socialism with a human face” as the result of compromises among various elite factions pursuing their own interests. The article contributes to an understanding of how personal ambitions and intra-elite conflicts can shape historical events and offers a reassessment of the causes of the Prague Spring.
Key words: Prague Spring, political struggle, A. Dubсek, reforms, political repression, normalization.

 

Azimov U.Kh.

German-Tajik relations: evolution, main directions and development prospects

This article traces the evolution of German-Tajik relations from the 1990s to the present day. The authors show how bilateral interaction has moved from humanitarian assistance during the civil war period to political dialogue and comprehensive partnership in the 2010s–2020s. Through an analysis of high-level visits, the bilateral legal and contractual framework, and joint projects in energy, education, healthcare, and agriculture, the article concludes that relations have now acquired the characteristics of a strategic partnership. Nevertheless, trade asymmetry persists, with raw material exports from Tajikistan contrasting with imports of machinery and equipment from Germany. The authors identify the prospects for further development in the transition from a donor-recipient model to joint investment projects, especially in green energy, the digital economy, and transport infrastructure, taking into account Germany's new regional strategy.
Key words: German-Tajik relations, strategic partnership, evolution, Central Asia, investments.

 

Farkhutdinov R.R.
Aleshin M.S.
Ponko T.I.

The role of nuclear energy in Taiwan's energy balance

The article is dedicated to analyzing the consequences of Taiwan's complete abandonment of nuclear energy, which occurred in May 2025 after the shutdown of the last reactor at the Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant. The aim of the work is to assess the impact of this decision on the energy security, economic stability, and environmental situation of the island in the context of growing geopolitical tensions in the Asia-Pacific region. The results indicate that the abandonment of nuclear generation (which previously accounted for 10-12% of electricity) has led to a critical increase in Taiwan's dependence on fossil fuel imports, primarily liquefied natural gas (98% of imports via sea, with reserves not exceeding 11 days), an increase in annual expenses to 2 billion USD by 2030, and the maintenance of coal and gas's share at 80% in the energy balance. Special attention is given to unresolved issues regarding radioactive waste management and social protests. The scope of the results includes the shaping of energy policy in island regions dependent on external energy resource supplies. The methodological basis of the research includes a systematic analysis of the energy balance, a retrospective analysis of legislative changes and referendums, as well as a case study of the problem of nuclear waste storage on Lan Island. The main conclusions of the conducted research are as follows: Taiwan's complete abandonment of nuclear energy in May 2025, amidst a critical dependence on sea imports of LNG (98%) and minimal fuel reserves (up to 11 days), created unprecedented risks for the energy security of the island, including the threat of rolling blackouts and increased vulnerability of the semiconductor industry (TSMC) in the event of a potential supply blockade by China. A special contribution of the author to the study of this topic is a comprehensive analysis of not only the economic and environmental but also the geopolitical consequences of the energy transition, including the link between the abandonment of nuclear energy and Taiwan's "near-nuclear" status as a threshold state. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it systematically demonstrates for the first time in Russian-language materials that the referendum held in August 2025, despite a formal majority voting "for" the restart of reactors, was deemed unsuccessful due to low voter turnout, indicating a deep polarization in Taiwanese society and an unpreparedness for a sharp return to nuclear generation.
Key words: Taiwan, Energy, Renewable energy, Security, Nuclear power plant, LNG, Nuclear waste, Energy stability, Democratic Progressive Party, The Kuomintang.

 

Cheltsov B.V.

The ideological crisis of German Christian democracy in the early XXI century: the transformation of the CDU/CSU bloc

The article examines the ideological crisis of German Christian democracy in the early twenty-first century through the transformation of the CDU/CSU bloc. The study aims to identify the causes, manifestations, and consequences of the erosion of party identity amid secularization, party-system fragmentation, and growing right-wing populist competition. It argues that Angela Merkel’s centrism temporarily compensated for internal contradictions but did not resolve the problem of party self-definition.
Key words: CDU/CSU, Christian democracy, Germany, ideological crisis, Volkspartei, Angela Merkel, secularization, migration crisis, party identity, electoral transformation.

 

Balde H.U.

Cooperation between Portugal and Guinea-Bissau in the field of higher education and research for the period 2016–2025

This article explores the cooperation between Portugal and Guinea-Bissau in higher education and science during the period 2016–2025. The study aims to analyze the scale of academic mobility, exchange programs, scientific projects, challenges, and prospects of this partnership. The methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of statistical data, official reports from Portuguese and Guinean authorities, and case studies of implemented educational and research initiatives.
Results indicate a significant increase in the number of students from Guinea-Bissau studying in Portuguese universities—from 603 in 2016/17 to 6,910 in 2022/23, with nearly 5,000 student visas issued in 2024. This reflects expanded educational opportunities and reduced barriers to overseas study. The majority of students (over 70%) pursue humanities and social sciences, with growing interest in natural sciences and engineering (around 20%). Joint projects such as Erasmus+, iMath PALOP, and More Knowledge – Better Future contribute to the development of STEM education, digitalization, and professional training. The “Return Home” project supports graduate employment and capacity building in Guinea-Bissau.
Scientific cooperation spans healthcare, agriculture, and biotechnology, including the long-term Bandim Health Project focused on infectious diseases and health system improvement. Despite positive trends, significant challenges remain: low education funding (around 1% of GDP), high dropout rates (up to 55%), and administrative barriers limiting academic mobility. Prospects include expanded distance learning, scholarship programs, digitalization, and plans to establish a scientific-educational center in Bissau.
The study concludes that an integrated approach combining exchange programs, research initiatives, financial support, and graduate labor market integration is crucial. This will strengthen educational and scientific ties between the countries, contribute to sustainable socio-economic development in Guinea-Bissau, and facilitate integration into the global educational space.
Key words: academic mobility, higher education, STEM, Guinea-Bissau, Portugal, digitalization, educational programs, scientific cooperation, Erasmus+, workforce development.

 

Gorbachev D.V.

Fessler and Hungary

The article is devoted to the analysis of I.A. Fessler's ideas about the history of Hungary. Based on the methodological principle of historicism, the author examines the main compositional and substantive features of Fessler's central historical work. The article demonstrates the relationship between Fessler's specific historical work and the political and general theoretical aspects of his philosophical system.
Key words: Fessler, history of Hungary, political philosophy, philosophy of history, Russian Germans.

 

Kryachko L.A.
Galiullina E.R.
Kadyrov R.R.

The «Guo Chao» phenomenon as an instrument of economic modernization and the construction of national identity in contemporary China

This article examines the phenomenon of «Guochao» (国潮) – the «National Trend» – as a significant socio-cultural and economic trend in contemporary China. It explores the transformation of patriotic discourse from an ideological construct into an effective tool for stimulating domestic demand and restructuring the economy. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the mechanisms of hybridizing traditional cultural codes with modern marketing and digital technologies are revealed.
«Guochao» represents a model of purposefully constructing an economically relevant national identity, ensuring synergy between cultural policy and the objectives of technological modernization. The article is devoted to analyzing «Guochao» as a comprehensive instrument that provides solutions to key tasks of China's economic policy through the mobilization of the symbolic capital of national identity.
The paper presents the results of the analysis of statistical data, case studies of leading Chinese brands, and also examines the prospects for the development of the phenomenon in the context of global economic competition.
Key words: «Guo Chao», national identity, economic growth, cultural policy, consumer behavior, soft power, PRC, innovative development, cultural confidence, marketing.

 

Loginov D.K.

China–Russia interregional cooperation in education and science (2001–2020): from academic exchanges to a space of humanitarian dialogue

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role and specifics of Russia-China interregional cooperation in the field of education and science from 2001 to 2020. It is worth noting that bilateral cooperation is based on the trust and mutual understanding between the peoples of our two countries. Humanitarian exchanges hold a significant place within the complex of multifaceted Russian-Chinese interaction. This article analyzes the evolution of educational cooperation between Russian and Chinese universities from 2001 to 2020, drawing on archival materials, statistical data, and dissertation research. The author traces how the fragmented contacts of the 1990s gave way to a system of multi-level interaction, which included intergovernmental agreements, networked university structures, Confucius Institutes, and, in the 2010s, specialized associations of universities and joint universities. Special attention is paid to the role of Far Eastern universities (FEFU, BSPU, AmSU, AmSPHU), which, in the author's words, became key instruments for the implementation of China's "soft power" in the Russian educational space. It is concluded that the experience of these two decades laid the institutional and personnel foundation for the strategic partnership between Russia and China in the subsequent years.
Key words: Russian-Chinese relations, educational cooperation, Confucius Institutes, Russian Far East, universities, academic exchanges, history of education, 2000s, 2010s.

 

Milandu Bretnel C.R.

Conflict, gender, and peacekeeping in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The article analyzes the relationship between armed conflicts, gender relations and peacekeeping practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The focus is on the impact of protracted conflicts on women and men, gender-based violence, as well as women's participation in peace-building and UN peacekeeping operations in the country.
The work examines how ethnic and resource conflicts in the east of the DRC, intensified by the activities of numerous armed groups, create conditions for massive human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, which has become a characteristic feature of the Congolese wars. Special attention is paid to the role of the UN Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) and the implementation of the «Women, Peace and security» agenda, including measures to increase women's participation in local peace committees, monitoring agreements and security planning. Based on the analysis of regulatory initiatives, political reforms and practices of international and local actors, it is concluded that a sustainable peaceful settlement in the DRC is impossible without taking into account the gender aspects of violence and without the full inclusion of women in the processes of conflict prevention, resolution and post-conflict reconstruction.
Key words: conflict internal armed conflict, instability, regional conflicts, gender-based violence, women's rights, human rights, women in conflict, peacemaking, peacekeeping, UN Stabilization Mission (MONUSCO), peace process, rule of law, politics.

 

Naidenova A.O.

The evolution of French think tanks’ approaches to NATO’s role in providing European security (2007–2025)

The question of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s significance in ensuring European security has been central since the Alliance’s inception, approaches to perceiving NATO as a guarantor of stability for European countries evolve considering shifts in the international landscape and the reassessment of key values and interests of both individual EU member states and the Union as a whole. Leading French think tanks, such as the French Institute of International Relations (IFRI), the French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS), and the Jacques Delors Institute (Institut Jacques Delors) are actively engaged in discussions on this topic and have shifted their assessment of NATO’s role from skepticism toward greater integration of the European contribution into the Alliance, particularly against the backdrop of the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis and the return of the Trump administration to power in the U.S. This shift in assessments reflects geopolitical shifts, including France’s reintegration into NATO’s military structure in 2009, Crimea’s return to Russia in 2014, the start of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine in 2022, as well as leadership changes in the Alliance and the European Union in 2024. The article analyzes key publications from these think tanks for the period 2007–2025 and highlights a shift from an emphasis on European autonomy to the concept of a «European pillar of NATO».
Key words: analytical centers, think tanks, France, NATO, the EU, security, «European pillar».

 

Nemeriuk I.A.
Popova E.A.

Reorganization of infantry weapons production in France during the Consulate (1799–1804)

The article examines the process of the reorganization of arms production in France during the Consulate period (1799–1804) as a key stage in the formation of a stable military-industrial system in the early nineteenth century. The study analyzes the institutional transformations carried out after the establishment of this political regime, aimed at the transition from the emergency mobilization model of the Revolutionary era to a centralized system of state regulation and contract-based production.
Special attention is paid to the activities of the arms manufactories in Versailles and Saint-Étienne, as well as to the introduction of the standardized infantry weapon model – the Model AN IX Musket. The article examines the mechanisms of interaction between the state and the private sector, the development of quality control systems, the training of industrial personnel, and the formation of new administrative practices.
Based on materials from French archives and studies on the history of military industry, the article demonstrates that the reforms of the Consulate period increased production efficiency, promoted the standardization of weaponry, and created a stable system for supplying the army. It concludes that the institutional foundations of the military economy of Napoleonic France and the principles of arms-production organization that influenced the further development of French industry were established precisely in the years 1799–1804.
Key words: consulate, French military industry, arms manufactories, standardization, government contracts, Saint-Étienne, Versailles, Napoleon Bonaparte.

 

Solikhodjaeva S.A.

Russia and the liberation struggle in India in the middle of the 19th century

This work is devoted to the study of the role and perception of Russia during the Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1859), a key stage in India's liberation struggle against British colonial rule. Despite its geographical remoteness and lack of direct diplomatic or military contacts, Russia, as a potential geopolitical rival to the British Empire, was of considerable interest to both sides of the conflict. The article analyzes Russian sources reflecting attitudes towards the Indian uprising, as well as British and Indian perceptions of possible Russian intervention. The purpose of the work is to identify the degree of influence of the Russian factor on the course and perception of events in colonial India in the middle of the 19th century.
Key words: The Russian Empire, Russia's policy in the East, the liberation movement, colonialism, Russia's relationship with Britain in the context of India, travelers, researchers.

 

Semibratov E.V.
Khachatryan R.A.

Transformation of the D. Trump Administration’s Position on the Ukrainian Crisis in 2025–2026

The article examines the transformation of the position of the D. Trump administration regarding the Ukrainian crisis in 2025–2026 under the influence of changes in the international environment, Russian–American dialogue, and U.S. foreign policy priorities. It analyzes the White House rhetoric, the negotiation process, expert assessments, and the role of European allies. Historical, comparative, and systemic methods are employed. The study concludes that there has been a shift from attempts at a compromise settlement toward a return to traditional Euro-Atlantic policy under the influence of external and internal factors.
Key words: Russia, the United States, the Ukrainian crisis, V. Putin, D. Trump, peaceful settlement, diplomatic dialogue, the Anchorage summit.

 

Blokhin V.V.
Fomicheva Y.V.

The embroidery craft of Chuvashia: trends and specifics of development in the 20-th century

The article analyses the impact of historical processes of the 20th century on the development of the embroidery craft in Chuvashia. It examines the transformation of traditional folk embroidery from a domestic handicraft into organized production in the form of artels and factories. Special attention is given to the embroidery artel and later the “Paha tĕrĕ” artistic embroidery factory, which played an important role in preserving and popularizing Chuvash ornamental art. Based on archival documents, scholarly research, and the memories of the enterprise’s workers, the article traces the main stages in the formation and development of the craft: the establishment of cooperative artels in the 1920s, the incorporation of folk artistic crafts into the planned economy, the enterprise’s activity during the Great Patriotic War and postwar recovery. The article also considers the factory’s participation in international exhibitions and the introduction of machine embroidery in the 1970s. It concludes that the 20th century played a significant role in preserving and adapting the traditions of Chuvash embroidery to new social and economic conditions.
Key words: Chuvash embroidery, folk artistic crafts, Chuvashia, artels, “Paha tĕrĕ”, traditional ornament, cultural heritage.

 

Shavlokhova E.S.
Podstavkina V.A.
Khromykh U.D.
Dehniya A.E.

The history of food engineering in the USSR: from hand-made dumplings to industrial machines

The article examines the history of food engineering in the USSR from the late 1920s to the late 1980s. The focus is on the evolution of equipment for the production of pelmeni, from a complete lack of industrial production and manual labor to the development of automated lines with a capacity of up to 800 kg per hour. The article analyzes institutional transformations (the establishment of Glavprodmash, NIIprodmash, and VNIEKIprodmash), the role of state planning, and the influence of foreign experience (A.I. Mikoyan). Quantitative data is provided on the growth of equipment production, changes in machine productivity, and the volume of dumpling production.
Key words: food engineering, USSR, pelmeni, mechanization, automatic machines, Glavprodmash, Mikoyan, NIIprodmash, industrialization.

 

Bredikhin A.V.
Serdyuk A.A.

The Cossack education system in Transbaikalia in the frontier environment

This article analyzes the development and functioning of the Cossack education system in the Trans-Baikal Territory within a frontier environment. The influence of the frontier as a specific sociocultural space on the transformation of educational institutions is examined. Based on theoretical approaches to understanding the frontier, as well as historical, genetic, and institutional analysis, key stages in the development of Cossack education in the region are identified – from the first educational institutions of the 19th century to the modern multi-level educational system.
Particular attention is paid to contemporary forms of Cossack education, including specialized classes, specialized educational organizations, additional programs, and project-based practices. It is shown that the system's development is being actively supported by the state and is characterized by a high degree of adaptation to local socio-cultural conditions.
Cossack education in the Trans-Baikal Territory can be characterized as a comprehensive, multi-level model combining elements of formal and informal education and focused on reproducing the cultural, social, and professional identity of the Cossacks. The specifics of its content and organizational forms are largely determined by the conditions of the frontier environment, which acts as a significant factor influencing the structure and direction of educational practices in the region.
Key words: Cossack education, Transbaikal Territory, frontier, frontier environment, military-patriotic education, regional educational policy.

 

Vazhenin D.A.

Features of the functional mechanisms of the special conference on fuel in 1917

This article analyzes the institutional mechanisms of the Special Conference on Fuel (SCF) during the period of the Russian Provisional Government (March–October 1917). The objective of the study is to identify the specifics of the organizational transformation of this body and establish the reasons for the fundamental limitations of its managerial capacity. The study utilizes historical-genetic, historical-systemic, and historical-comparative methods. The source base consists of materials from the SCF collection (F. 7737), the office documents of the Constituent Congress of Commissioners (May 31–June 2, 1917), the "News of the Special Conference on Fuel," the correspondence of Chief Commissioner K.V. Kirsh, as well as research by S.E. Rudneva, A.L. Sidorov, and Z. Lozinsky.
It has been established that the reorganization of OSOTOP in 1917 was primarily legitimizing rather than functional. The change in composition–from an estate-bureaucratic to a coalition-representative structure–was not accompanied by the vesting of any real executive powers. The information infrastructure of the meeting remained well-developed, but the quality of the data received from the field did not allow for a transition from recording incidents to preventive planning. The professional competence of technical specialists–primarily the Chief Commissioner, Professor K.V. Kirsch–could not compensate for the systemic defect of the administrative structure. The OSOTOP experience is a prime example of managerial paralysis under conditions of dual power: the body, formally claiming to coordinate the fuel supply of the entire country, was deprived of mechanisms for enforcing its directives. The partial institutional continuity of OSOTOP in the early Soviet period indicates the potential for studying this issue within the broader framework of the genesis of the Soviet economic system.
Key words: Special Conference on Fuel, OSOTOP, Provisional Government, fuel crisis, 1917, institutional history, dual power, fuel industry.

 

Valek N.A.

Modern scientific journals as a historical indicator of communicative autarky (a case study of the water management sector)

Works on science studies traditionally note the low international visibility of Russian sectoral (applied) science, manifested in the low citation rate of publications by domestic researchers and their invisibility in global scientific citation databases. Empirical scientometric indicators of modern Russian journals (impact factors, Herfindahl–Hirschman indices, etc.) are commonly cited as evidence of this situation. However, the historical roots of the problem are often overlooked. This article attempts to demonstrate that the origins of communicative autarky in sectoral science lie in the institutional nature of the sector itself, its historical development and vertical (departmental) subordination. The water management sector and its leading scientific journals, which constitute the thematic core of the sector, are used as a representative case study.
Key words: history of science, sectoral science, water management sector, communicative autarky, scientific journals, scientometrics, water management, typology of periodicals, self-citation, departmental science.

 

Vasina K.I.
Skorikova Yu.V.
Serdtseva A.A.
Tarasov A.V.

Features of soviet sports architecture of the 1960-1985s

This paper examines the expression and characteristic features of the development of Soviet sports palaces from 1960 to 1985. This article analyzes the characteristic features of sports architecture as an important factor in the socio-cultural environment and identity. The subject of the study is sports and concert complexes and sports palaces, as well as their characteristics. The paper presents the following objectives: analyzing the external appearance of sports facilities, their functional and ideological role in the USSR. Particular attention is paid to the influence of modernism and political factors of the time, as well as the functionality of these facilities. The analysis reveals characteristic features such as monumentality and the combination of utilitarian and representative functions in the urbanization of the urban environment. The study demonstrates the significance of Soviet sports architecture as a reflection of party ideology and the architectural trends of the era.
Key words: architecture, sports palace, history, monumentality, Soviet modernism, sports architecture, sports complex, sports facilities, sports structures, construction.

 

Gorsky A.S.

Labor migration as a mechanism for the development of silk-weaving crafts in the Vladimir province (on the example of the Pokrovsky district)

In the XIX century, labor migration became one of the key mechanisms that connected the peasant economy with the developing industry and largely determined the formation of silk weaving crafts in the Vladimir province. The relevance of the research is due to the need to clarify the mechanisms for the formation of regional trade centers in the context of the transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy. On the basis of zemstvo statistics, commemorative books of the Vladimir province, archival and local history sources, the socio-economic prerequisites for the development of silk weaving, as well as the scale and directions of labor migration of the peasant population, are considered.
Particular attention is paid to the Pokrovsky district, where labor migration acquired a stable character and became the basis for the formation of local silk weaving. The transfer of the acquired skills to the rural environment contributed to the wide spread of home weaving, especially in the Filippovskaya volost, where by the end of the XIX century it became the leading occupation of the majority of the peasant population. Unlike other districts, here labor migration not only provided earnings, but also led to the formation of a stable peasant production environment, which became the basis for subsequent industrial development, including the formation of a large silk weaving factory in Kirzhach.
The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of the specifics of the Pokrovsky district as a territory with a special model of development, where labor migration has become a factor not only in the spread of handicrafts, but also in the formation of sustainable specialization in silk weaving.
Key words: labor migration, silk weaving, handicrafts, Pokrovsky district, Bogorodsky district, Vladimir province, production in the weaver's shop, peasant mobility, textile production, XIX century.

 

Ermishkin V.V.
Matyukhanov V.N.
Trofimov A.A.
Zavorokhina N.S.

The phenomenon of denunciation in the practice of political investigation in the first half of the 18th century

Peter the Great's reformist activities occupy a special place in the history of Russia, sometimes being subjected to completely polar assessments. On the one hand, the large-scale military and political achievements of the first Russian emperor are recognized, on the other hand, the radicality of some of his transformations led to a series of destructive phenomena, such as increased serfdom and tax oppression, and a break with the previous tradition. All this, in turn, could not but cause an increase in opposition sentiments, manifested, among other things, in the form of a riot or uprising. Responding to such a threat and trying to protect themselves, the authorities are building a completely new model of power relations, based largely on the army experience, which has become fundamental in the conditions of a regular state. In this regard, a number of institutions appeared, whose existence was directly related to ensuring the welfare of the state, one of them was the institution of whistleblowing, which assumed unprecedented proportions in the conditions of autocratic power. The purpose of this article is to show the state of the institution of whistleblowing in the history of Russia in the half of the XVIII century.
Key words: denunciation, political investigation, Peter the Great, and torture.

 

Eroshkov K.Yu.
Antipova M.A.
Groshev D.D.
Popova M.B.
Ivanov K.S.

Soviet agitation and propaganda during the Great Patriotic War

The article analyzes the complex of measures of Soviet agitation and propaganda during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 as a strategically significant tool for mobilizing the country's resources to repel the enemy and consolidating society. Based on a wide range of sources, the article examines the formation of a system of centralized propaganda bodies (the Department of Propaganda and Agitation of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the Soviet Information Bureau, and the political departments of the Red Army), identifies key channels of influence on mass consciousness (periodicals, radio broadcasting, visual propaganda, cinema, and literature), and traces the evolution of the content of propaganda at different stages of the war. Special attention is paid to the formation of the enemy's image as a factor in strengthening the army's morale and the patriotic upsurge of the population, as well as the activities of special agencies aimed at undermining the enemy's forces (counterpropaganda). It is concluded that the agitation and propaganda work, which is now known as "information warfare," has made a significant contribution to achieving victory, along with military and economic factors.
Key words: Great Patriotic War, Soviet Union, agitation, propaganda, ideological work, Sovinformburo, Agitprop, counterpropaganda, periodicals, radio broadcasting, political posters, TASS windows, leaflets, image of the enemy, patriotism, mobilization, information warfare.

 

Okhochinsky D.M.

Professor V.V. Shkvartsov's contribution to the development of a new scientific direction at the Rocket Science Department of the Baltic State Technical University "Voenmekh" named after D.F. Ustinov

The paper presents the results of a historical study devoted to the research of scientific biography and contribution to the development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the Department of Rocket Engineering, by Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Vadim Viktorovich Shkvartsov (1924 ? 2025). The purpose of the work is to reconstruct the scientific contribution of Professor V.V. Shkvartsov, head of the department in 1975 ? 1991, to the establishment of new scientific field and the development of scientific and pedagogical school of Department, taking into account the general direction of development of the country's rocket and space industry during this period. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach, principles of historicism and scientific objectivity. The research source base consists of archival materials, scientific articles and monographs on the history of the Department and Russian aerospace industry in general.
As a result of the conducted research, the main stages of the formation of Professor V.V. Shkvartsov as a scientist in the field of rocket and space systems design were identified, his role in the formation of the staff of the Department of Rocket Engineering, which he headed in 1975, in updating its curricula and developing new areas of research work, was determined. The new scientific results achieved by the staff of the department under the leadership of V.V. Shkvartsov are analyzed. Demonstrated by the scientific leadership of Professor V.V. Shkvartsov strengthening the role of the Department of Rocket Engineering in the training of highly qualified engineering and teaching staff for the aerospace industry of the country.
Key words: V.V. Shkvartsov, military mechanical engineering department, rocket and space industry, engineering education, scientific and pedagogical school, research work.

 

Panasyuk V.V.

Franz Franzevich Vasilevsky: official activities of the first zemstvo agronomist of the Kozelsk district of the Kaluga province during the Stolypin reforms of the early 20th century

The object of the study is the daily life of the population of Russian society in the late Imperial period, the subject of the study is the official activity of the first zemsky agronomist of Kozelsky district of Kaluga province, F.F. Vasilevsky, during the Stolypin transformations of the early 20th century. The methodological basis of the publication is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and consistency, which makes it possible to trace a variety of cause-and-effect relationships between events, phenomena, and processes. The source base consists of diverse documents and materials that can be divided into several specific groups: firstly, regulations, secondly, office records identified in the State Archive of the Kaluga Region, published materials of zemstvo self-government bodies, thirdly, reference and statistical publications and, fourthly, materials from the central and the local press. For the first time in Russian historiography, the author set the task of revealing this problem using the example of the zemstvo official activity of a specialist in one of the counties of the Kaluga province. The article is based on an analysis of the report of the Kozelsky county zemstvo agronomist F.F. Vasilevsky on his work for 1909, which provides detailed data on various forms of agronomic assistance to community members and farmers, highlights the successes and shortcomings in this work, etc. The importance of the origin of zemstvo agronomy in Kozelsky Uyezd, related to the professional activity of F.F. Vasilevsky, is emphasized. The materials and conclusions of the study can be used in the preparation of lecture courses, conducting practical exercises, and writing textbooks.
Key words: Zemsky agronomist, Kozelsky district zemstvo, agronomic assistance, multi-field crop rotation, demonstration farm, household.

 

Podobedov A.V.

Russian society's perceptions of parliamentarism at the initial stage of its practical implementation in Russia

The novelty of the research lies in carrying out comprehensive analytical work based on the study of archival materials and some press publications used for the first time in scientific circulation in this historical context.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the ideas of the Russian society about parliamentarism at the initial stage of its practical implementation in Russia and the needs of the population in the democratization of the country.
When writing the article, research methods and sources such as content analysis of newspapers and magazines, archival materials on the events under consideration were used, lists of representatives of various newspapers in the II State Duma became an important source.
Special attention was paid to photographs and tickets for entering the State Duma for newspaper representatives.
Scientific publications dealing with this topic have become an additional source.
The purpose of this study was to study the ideas of Russian society about parliamentarism at the initial stage of its practical implementation in Russia in 1905 – 1908.
As a conclusion, it can be stated that analytical work has been carried out to study various literary, archival historical sources related to the topic of the article and the historical period under consideration, and own formulations of Russian society's ideas about parliamentarism at the initial stage of its practical implementation in Russia have been proposed.
The Russian society of that time certainly had an urgent need, along with parliamentarism, for some kind of democratization, which, unfortunately, due to the historical peculiarities of our country, was difficult to implement at that time.
The authorities of the Russian Empire, in the period 1905 – 1908, insufficiently assessed the degree of influence of press representatives on Russian public thought, this feature of that time was insufficiently studied and poorly specified.
Key words: Parliamentarism, the Russian Empire, Russian society, ideas, the initial stage, freedom of thought, freedom of conscience, I, II, III State Duma, revolutionary sentiments, democracy, Faith, Tsar, Fatherland.

 

Khronova I.A.
Penziev M.S.
Onishchenko M.R.
Komsa M.D.

The history of banking and lending during the soviet period in the 1920s

The article examines the formation of the banking system and the development of credit relations in the Soviet Union during the 1920s. The study is devoted to the study of the factors that determined the possibility of resuming banking activities after the period of "war communism". Special attention is paid to the role of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in restoring the functioning of the monetary system and credit relations, as well as the establishment of a State-owned Bank as a key element of the financial infrastructure. Special attention is paid to the monetary reform of 1922–1924 and its impact on the stabilization of the national currency and the recovery of credit operations. The development of specialized banks and the expansion of the banking network are also considered. The article reveals the contradictory nature of the Soviet banking system in the 1920s, which combined elements of market mechanisms with increasing state control. It is shown that in the early NEP period credit retained features of commercial relations and contributed to economic recovery, while in the late 1920s it gradually turned into an instrument of centralized regulation. The study concludes that this period laid the institutional foundations for the transition to a highly centralized system of state-controlled banking and planned credit distribution in the subsequent decades.
Key words: banking system of the USSR, NEP, State Bank of the RSFSR, State Bank of the USSR, lending, monetary reform of 1922–1924, chervonets, specialized banks, bill of exchange, commercial credit.

 

Lebedeva M.B.
Martynova T.V.
Chernikova A.V.

Workbook "the world around us: studying and loving our region" as a means of implementing an interactive model for studying the history of one's region

The article substantiates the author's approach to designing the workbook "The World Around Us: Learning and Loving Our Region" as a means of implementing an interactive model for studying the history of one's native region in elementary school. The relevance of the study is related to the tasks of patriotic education and historical enlightenment (Decree No. 314 of the President of the Russian Federation). The article reveals the essence of the interactive model, which involves active interaction between students and the information, social, and natural environment of the region. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the workbook: 1) becomes not an auxiliary, but a central didactic element; 2) implements interactivity as a cross-cutting principle; 3) is aimed at the formation of meta-subject competencies. Practical significance: the manual can be used in mass practice of primary education and adapted for other regions. Conclusion: the proposed notebook effectively forms subject knowledge, meta-subject skills and personal qualities of younger schoolchildren.
Key words: workbook, interactive model, local history, history of the native land, elementary school.

 

Chukavin A.A.

The Russian revolution of 1905 as reflected in the Moscow diocesan periodical press (october-december 1905)

The article examines publications of the Moscow diocesan newspaper Moskovskie Tserkovnye Vedomosti from October to December 1905 as a source for studying the Church’s perception of the Revolution of 1905. The aim of the study is to identify the main directions of the ecclesiastical community’s response to the political events of the second stage of the First Russian Revolution through the materials of Moskovskie Tserkovnye Vedomosti, as well as to determine the place and social role that the Church assigned to itself during the revolutionary crisis. The article analyzes the principal themes of church journalism, including the interpretation of the revolution as a manifestation of the moral and spiritual crisis of society, attitudes toward revolutionary violence, assessments of the October Manifesto and the civil liberties it granted, and authors’ views on the reform of Russia’s political system. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the newspaper contributors’ attitudes toward autocracy. The study concludes that the Moscow diocesan press developed a distinctive model for interpreting the Revolution of 1905.
Key words: First Russian Revolution, Orthodox Church, church periodical press, Moskovskie Tserkovnye Vedomosti, October Manifest of 17 October 1905, autocracy, Orthodoxy, Revolution of 1905.

 

Sharafutdinov A.A.

Ufa province as a zone of religious conflict: the confrontation of the Orthodox mission, Islam and Paganism in 1880-1905

The article examines the religious confrontation in Ufa province in the period from 1880 to 1905, analyzes the interaction and conflict of three confessional forces: the Orthodox mission, Islam (including Jadidism) and the pre-Islamic pagan cults of the Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples. In contrast to Marxist historiography, which reduces these processes primarily to socio-economic and class factors, the author emphasizes the ideological, institutional and ethno-national nature of the conflict. The article examines the legal foundations of the religious policy of the Russian Empire, the methods of work of Orthodox missionary camps, the mechanisms of mobilization of the Muslim population through the new-fangled madrasahs and the activities of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly, as well as the forms of passive and active resistance of the bearers of pagan traditions. Special attention is paid to the impact of the national upsurge of the Volga peoples on religious identification and the crisis caused by the decree of April 17, 1905 "On strengthening the principles of religious tolerance." It is concluded that Ufa province during this period was a zone of acute religious borderland, where the struggle for spiritual influence was inextricably linked with issues of language, land use and cultural affiliation.
Key words: Ufa province, religious conflict, Orthodox mission, Islam, Jadidism, paganism, national upsurge, religious tolerance, 1905 decree, missionary camp, Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly.

 

 

Authors

Aleshin M.S., Master's student. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Amrenova S.B., Student, P.P. Ershov Ishim Teachers Training Institute (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Antipova M.A., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Azimov U.Kh., Postgraduate student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Balde H.U., Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Berdnikova E.G., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Kherson State Pedagogical University, Kherson. SPIN-code: 2625-7930
Blokhin V.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia.
Boychuk I.V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor. Kherson State Pedagogical University, Kherson. SPIN-code: 2625-7930
Bredikhin A.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leading Research Fellow, Institute of China and Modern Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Cheltsov B.V., Postgraduate student, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow Pedagogical State University.
Chernikova A.V., Deputy Director for Educational Work. Municipal Autonomous General Education Institution "Secondary School No. 10", Satka.
Chukavin A.A., Postgraduate student. Institute of Humanities, Moscow City Pedagogical University.
Dehniya A.E., Student of the 1st course of the direction of training «Technology of Production and Processing of Agricultural Products» FSBEI HE "Kuban State Agrarian University" named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar.
Ermishkin V.V., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershova (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Eroshkov K.Yu., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Farkhutdinov R.R., Master's student. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Fomicheva Y.V., Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia.
Galiullina E.R., Senior Lecturer, Department of Foreign Languages in International Relations, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan. ORCID: 0000-0002-2516-5915
Gavrilova E.A., St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. SPIN-code: 6230-7612
Gorbachev D.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate professor of Branch of Saratov Transport College – Volga State Transport University Branch.
Gorsky A.S., Postgraduate student. Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov, Vladimir.
Groshev D.D., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Ivanov K.S., Senior Lecturer. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Kadyrov R.R., PhD in History, Lecturer, Department of Regional Studies and Digital Humanities, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan. ORCID: 0000-0003-2996-8288
Kadyseva A.R., Student, P.P. Ershov Ishim Teachers Training Institute (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Kashkynbay K.T., Fourth-year PhD student, Ufa University of Science and Technology. Master's degree student, senior lecturer, M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan.
Khachatryan R.A., Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, Senior Editor, Channel One.
Khromykh U.D., Student of the 1st course of the direction of training «Technology of Production and Processing of Agricultural Products» FSBEI HE "Kuban State Agrarian University" named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar.
Khronova I.A., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Political Science, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin.
Komsa M.D., First-year student, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin.
Korotaeva L.D., Student, P.P. Ershov Ishim Teachers Training Institute (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Kruglov S.G., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, St. Petersburg. SPIN-code: 2979-1157
Kryachko L.A., Master of Science, Department of Regional Studies and Digital Humanities, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan.
Kungurova I.M., Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of the Humanities and Teaching Methods, P.P. Ershov Ishim Teachers Training Institute (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Lebedeva M.B., Director. Municipal Autonomous General Education Institution "Secondary School No. 10", Satka.
Loginov D.K., Postgraduate student. Department of History, Moscow City Pedagogical University.
Lukashenko D.V., Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor leading researcher. Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.
Martynova T.V., Deputy Director for Educational Work. Municipal Autonomous General Education Institution "Secondary School No. 10", Satka.
Matyukhanov V.N., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershova (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Ma Xiang, Postgraduate student, Altai State Institute of Culture, Barnaul.
Milandu Bretnel C.R., Post-graduate student. People’s Friendship University of Russia.
Mu Xin, Associate Professor. Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
Naidenova A.O., Graduate student in the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Nemeriuk I.A., Master's Degree from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of "History of Russia", Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Nosirzoda N.N., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Electronics, Faculty of Physics and Engineering, SEI “Khujand State University named after Academician B.Gafurov”, Khujand.
Okhochinsky D.M., PhD candidate, assistant professor at the Department of Russian History and Philosophy, Baltic State Technical University "Voenmech" named after D.F. Ustinov.
Onishchenko M.R., First-year student, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin.
Panasyuk V.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences. Associate Professor of the Department of History, Institute of History and Law, Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky.
Penziev M.S., First-year student, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin.
Podobedov A.V., Postgraduate Student, Department of Russian History, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "State University of Education," Moscow. ORCID: 0009-0006-7614-2605
Podstavkina V.A., Student of the 1st course of the direction of training «Technology of Production and Processing of Agricultural Products» FSBEI HE "Kuban State Agrarian University" named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar.
Ponko T.I., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Popova E.A., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General History at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Popova M.B., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Pozharskiy S.O., Applicant of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Education, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk. SPIN-code: 6919-5246 | AuthorID: koscom85 | ORCID: 0009-0003-2088-6654
Semibratov E.V., PhD in History. Deputy Director of the Institute for Strategic Studies and Forecasts, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Serdtseva A.A., Senior Lecturer. Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "O.E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University". SPIN-code: 2376-3585 / ORCID: 0000-0002-6971-8163
Serdyuk A.A., Student, Faculty of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University. ORCID: 0009-0001-8793-0651
Sharafutdinov A.A., Lecturer, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba. Applicant, St. Petersburg Theological Academy.
Shavlokhova E.S., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of History and Political Science, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar.
Shchuplenkov O.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History, Law and Social Sciences, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, branch in Essentuki.
Shilin I.V., Postgraduate student. Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy named after F.M. Dostoevsky.
Skorikova Yu.V., Student. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "A.N. Kosygin State University of Russia (Technology. Design. Art)". SPIN-code: 3848-7035 / ORCID: 0009-0002-2953-3946
Solikhodjaeva S.A., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Tajik State University of Law, Business, and Politics, Khujand.
Tarasov A.V., Associate Professor. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian Biotechnology University". SPIN-code: 8697-4840 / ORCID: 0000-0002-2429-5080
Timoshenko V.N., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk.
Tretyakov V.A., Student, P.P. Ershov Ishim Teachers Training Institute (branch) of Tyumen State University.
Trofimov A.A., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershova (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Tumbusov D.D., Assistant lecturer, Department of History and Humanities. State University of Humanities and Technology.
Valek N.A., Head of the Department of Scientific and Technical Information of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Research Institute for Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources".
Vasina K.I., Senior Lecturer. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "A.N. Kosygin State University of Russia (Technology. Design. Art)". SPIN-code: 6658-4788 / ORCID: 0009-0004-4531-2099
Vazhenin D.A., Postgraduate Student, Faculty of History, Political Science, and Law. State University of Education.
Wang Yingying, Candidate of Sciences, Senior Lecturer. Head of the Russian Language Department (Pedagogical Profile). Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
Zavorokhina N.S., Senior lecturer Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershova (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Zhivoderov A.V., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Master of Sports of the Russian Federation in kettlebell lifting, St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. SPIN-code: 1648-729